UNITED

NATIONS

Distr.

GENERAL

CCPR/SP/43

29 June 1994

ENGLISH

Original: ENGLISH/FRENCH/

SPANISH

MEETING OF STATES PARTIES

Fourteenth meeting

New York, 8 September 1994

ELECTION, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLES 28 TO 32 OF THE INTERNATIONAL

COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, OF NINE MEMBERS OF THE HUMAN

RIGHTS COMMITTEE TO REPLACE THOSE WHOSE TERMS ARE DUE TO EXPIRE ON

31 DECEMBER 1994

Note by the Secretary-General

1.	In conformity with article 30, paragraph 4, and article 32, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 14th meeting of States parties to the Covenant will be convened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters on Thursday, 8 September 1994, for the purpose of electing nine members of the Human Rights Committee from a list of persons nominated by States parties, to replace those whose terms are due to expire on 31 December 1994 (see annex I). The names of the other nine members who will continue to serve on the Committee until 31 December 1996 appear in annex II.

2.	In accordance with article 30, paragraph 2, and article 34 of the Covenant, the Secretary-General, in a note verbale dated 18 March 1994, invited the States parties to submit, in conformity with article 29 of the Covenant, their nominations for the election of nine members of the Committee within three months, i.e. by 18 June 1994.

GE.94-17295 (E)

3.	In compliance with the provisions of article 30, paragraph 3, of the Covenant, the Secretary-General has the honour to list below, in alphabetical order, the names of the persons nominated for election to the Human Rights Committee, indicating the States parties which have nominated them:

Name of Candidates	Nominated by

Mr. Stanislau S. Agurtsou	(Belarus)

Mr. Akram Dawood Al-Witri	(Iraq)

Mr. Nisuke Ando	(Japan)

Mr. T. Olusegun Apata	(Nigeria)

Mr. Aboudou Assouma	(Togo)

Mr. Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati	(India)

Mr. Thomas Buergenthal	(United States of	America)

Mrs. Christine Chanet	(France)

Mr. Mamadi Diawara	(Guinea)

Mrs. Ida-Denise Drammeh	(The Gambia)

Mr. Omran El Shafei	(Egypt)

Mr. Cornelis Flinterman	(Netherlands)

Mr. Komi Bouwèmenda Gnondoli	(Togo)

Mr. Said Arébi Hafiana	(Libyan Arab	Jamahiriya)

Mr. Kurt Herndl	(Austria)

Mr. Zdzislaw Kedzia	(Poland)

Mr. Eckart Klein	(Germany)

Mr. David Kretzmer	(Israel)

Mr. Mainassara Maidagi	(Niger)

Mrs. Cecilia Medina Quiroga	(Chile)

Mr. Seyyed Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad	(Islamic Republic of Iran)

Mr. Abdalla Idris Mohamed	(Sudan)

Mr. Birame Ndiaye	(Senegal)

Mr. Bharat Patel	(Zimbabwe)

Mr. Julio Prado Vallejo	(Ecuador)

Mr. Waleed Sadi	(Jordan)

Mr. Martin Scheinin	(Finland)

Annex I

LIST OF THE NINE MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE

WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE ON 31 DECEMBER 1994

Mr. Nisuke Ando	(Japan)

Mrs. Christine Chanet	(France)

Mr. Vojin Dimitrijevic	(Yugoslavia)

Mr. Omran El Shafei	(Egypt)

Mr. Kurt Herndl	(Austria)

Mr. Birame Ndiaye	(Senegal)

Mr. Julio Prado Vallejo	(Ecuador)

Mr. Waleed Sadi	(Jordan)

Mr. Bertil Wennergren	(Sweden)

Annex II

LIST OF THE NINE MEMBERS WHO WILL CONTINUE TO SERVE

ON THE COMMITTEE UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1996

Mr. Francisco José Aguilar Urbina	(Costa Rica)

Mr. Tamás Bán	(Hungary)

Mr. Marco Tulio Bruni Celli	(Venezuela)

Mrs. Elizabeth Evatt	(Australia)

Mr. Laurel Francis	(Jamaica)

Mrs. Rosalyn Higgins	(United Kingdom of	Great Britain	and Northern Ireland)

Mr. Rajsoomer Lallah	(Mauritius)

Mr. Andreas V. Mavrommatis	(Cyprus)

Mr. Fausto Pocar	(Italy)

Annex III

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Mr. Stanislau S. AGURTSOU (Belarus)

I.	Personal Data

Date of birth:	10 April 1938

Place of birth:	Gomel District, Belarus

Nationality:	Belarus

Marital status:	Married, has two children

II.	Education

1955-1958	Special technical school, Minsk

1961-1967	State Institute of International Relations, Moscow

III.	Professional Activities

1975-present	Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus

In March of 1994 was appointed Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs

Has diplomatic rank: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary

1970-1975	Member of the United Nations Secretariat Staff

1968-1975	Permanent Mission of the Republic of Belarus to the United Nations

1967-1968	Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus

IV.	Main Areas of Specialization

Human rights issues, including, in particular, rights of minorities, children and women; elimination of all forms of discrimination; international humanitarian cooperation; social development problems, etc.

Participated in the drafting of the new Constitution, Civic and Criminal Codes and other laws of the Republic of Belarus

V.	International Conferences

Several sessions of the United Nations General Assembly (Third Committee), ECOSOC, Commission on Human Rights, Human Rights Committee, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and of other United Nations bodies, dealing with protection and respect for human rights.

World Conference on Human Rights (1993)

VI.	Publications

Rights of Children in Belarus

Activities in the Field of Human Rights at the United Nations and others

VII.	Languages

Belarusian, English, Russian

Mr. Akram Dawood AL-WITRI (Iraq)

I.	Personal data

Born in Faghdad, Iraq, 11 December 1930

Previously Ambassador, Lead of Legal Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Baghdad, Iraq

Currently Advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs

Married and has three children

II.	Education

B.A. in law, College of Law, University of Baghdad, 1952

Doctor in Public International Law, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland

III.	Career

Member of the Permanent Cover of Arbitration, The Hague, since 1987

Legal Advisor - Vice President of the Legal State Council (Conseil d'Etat). 1970-1978, 1980-1986

Minister Plenipotentiary - Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1978-1989

Ambassador, Head of Legal Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1986

IV.	Activities

Lecturer of Public International Law - High studies - Law College - Baghdad 1982-1986

Representative of Iraq, then head of Iraqi Delegation to the Law of the Sea Conference, 1974-1986

Representative of Iraq at the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, 1965-1986

Representative of Iraq to the Vienna Conference of Succession of States

Representative of Iraq to the United Nations General Assembly, 1979

Member of the Committee of Arab Experts in the Law of Sea, Cairo - Tunis

Member of Human Rights Committee, Baghdad

V.	Publications

Published a number of books and articles on topics of international law, the list of which may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat.

Mr. Nisuke ANDO (Japan)

Date of birth	6 August, 1935

March 1959	LL.B., Department of Law, Kyoto University

March 1961	LL.M., Graduate School of Law, Kyoto University

September 1962-	Grantee, All-Expense Graduate Study, Fulbright

June 1964	Commission

June 1963	M.A. Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy

June 1964	M.A. in Law and Diplomacy, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy

April 1965	Lecturer, Faculty of General Education, Kyoto University

August 1968	Associate Professor, Faculty of General Education, Kyoto University

August 1968-	Frequently attended conferences and meetings of World

July 1979	Association of World Federalists as its Council and Executive Committee Member

September 1969-	Researcher at United States National Archives and

October 1970	Records Service, Fulbright Commission

June 1971	Ph.D., Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy

May 1972	Attended twenty-fourth session of the United Nations International Law Commission as an Observer for the Japanese Government

May 1975	Attended Twenty-seventh Session of the same Commission in the same capacity

September 1976-	British Council Fellow at London School of Economics and

August 1978	Political Science

September 1977	Participant, Research Centre of the Hague Academy of International Law

April 1981-	Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law,

March 1990	Kobe University

March 1984-1987	Elected Alternate Member, United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities

February 1985	Member, Planning Committee, International Institute for Advanced Studies (Japan)

October 1985	Member, Council, Japanese Society of International Law

January 1987-	Elected Member, Rapporteur (1991-1992) and Chairman

December 1994	(1993 up to now), Human Rights Committee under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

April 1990	Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law,

(up to now)	Kyoto University

Principal publications

A full list of the books and articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent books and articles concerning human rights and related issues:

1993	"The Reform of the Protection of Human Rights in Asia and the Pacific", pp. 323-336, in La Laguna University, The Reform of International Institutions for the Protection of Human Rights (Bruylant: Bruxelles)

1992	"The Future of Monitoring Bodies - Limitations and Possibilities of the Human Rights Committee", pp. 169-176, in University of Ottawa, Canadian Human Rights Yearbook 1991-1992

1991	Surrender, Occupation, and Private Property in International Law (Oxford University Press)

1990	Digest of Japanese Practice in International Law, Part III: Territory (Co-Editor Keio Tsushin, Tokyo)

Surrender, Occupation and Private Property in International Law: A Critical Analysis of United States Practice in Japan (Oxford University Press, United Kingdom)

1989	"The Kokaryo Incident and International Law" pp. 240-279, in Festschrift für Kanae Taijudo (Toshindo, Tokyo)

1988	Digest of Japanese Practice in International Law, Part II: Restoration of Official Relations and Recognition of Governments (Co-Editor, Keio Tsushin, Tokyo)

"On the Work of the Human Rights Committee", pp. 41-46 Horitsu Jiho (December 1988)

Mr. T. Olusegun APATA (Nigeria)

[Biographical note will be issued as an addendum to the present document when received from nominating Government.]

Mr. Aboudou ASSOUMA (Togo)

I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Date of birth:	born 1945 in Kara (Kozah)

Marital status:	married, with four children

Higher education:	Law and economics faculties, Toulon (France)

Bachelor of Law degree, 1975

Optional subject: Judicial functions

Training:	1975 to 1977 - National College of Magistrates, Paris. Diploma

II. POSITIONS HELD

1977 to 1981:	Examining Magistrate, Lomé Court of Minor Jurisdiction

1981 to 1988:	Senior Deputy Procurator

1988 to 1991	Government Procurator

1991 to 1993:	Procurator General of the Appeal Court of Togo

Since 16 June 1993:	Member of the Constitutional Division of the Supreme Court

III. OTHER ACTIVITIES

1986 to 1989:	Member of the Togolese delegation to the forty-third, forty-fourth and forty-fifth sessions of the Commission on Human Rights, Geneva

1987 to 1989:	Alternate expert member of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities

1987 to 1993:	First Vice-President of the National Commission for Human Rights

8 November 1993:	President, National Commission for Human Rights

Founder of the Togolese Association for the Defence of Religious Freedom

Mr. Prafullachandra Natwarlal BHAGWATI (India)

I. PERSONAL DATA

Born 21 December 1921

Married, three children

II. EDUCATION

B.A. from Bombay University in 1941

LL.B. from Bombay University in 1945

III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

Engaged in legal work, such as legal advice, opinion and arbitration work.

Practised law before the High Courts and the Supreme Court from 1948 to 1960.

Judge, High Court, Gujarat from 1960 to 1967

Chief Justice, Gujarat from 1967 to 1973

Judge, Supreme Court, India from 1973 to 1985

Chief Justice of India from 1985 to 1986

Professional organizations

Indian Arbitration Council

Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Permanent Court of Arbitration

Public service

Public activities such as providing legal resource and support to voluntary organizations working for the poor and the disadvantaged

International Labour Organisation - Member of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations since 1978

Member of the Executive Committee of Commonwealth Legal Education Association, London

Member of the Human Rights Committee of the International Law Association

Honorary Member of the Conference of Chief Justices of English-speaking African countries

A full listing of public activities of Mr. Bhagwati is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.

IV. HONOURS AND AWARDS

Award of the International Bar Association for Outstanding Contribution in the field of legal aid

Shrimani Award

Awarded Sir Jehangir Gandhi Medal by Xavier Labour Institute.

Awarded Doctor of Laws by the Andhra Pradesh University.

Vijay Ratna Award for Enriching Human Life and Outstanding Attainments

National Citizen's Award 1987 for his eminent contribution to jurisprudence

Honorary Fellow of Indian Association for Environment Management for outstanding contributions to the cause of environmental protection

Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award by Shiromani Institute for Excellence in Judiciary and Human Rights

Awarded Human Rights Par Excellence Award by Rotary International, New Delhi in April 1993.

Associated with

Baroda University

Bombay University

Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan

Mr. Thomas BUERGENTHAL (United States of America)

Professor Thomas Buergenthal, a United States citizen, born in 1934, holds the Lobingier Chair in International and Comparative Law at the National Law Center of the George Washington University, Washington, D.C., and is the Director of its International Rule of Law Institute. He is also the President of the Administrative Tribunal of the Inter-American Development Bank.

He served as judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights from 1979 to 1991, and was its vice-president and president in the mid-1980s. In 1992-93, he served as Commissioner on the three-member United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador.

Buergenthal was the Dean of the American University School of Law, Washington, D.C. (1980-85), and has been a Professor of International Law at various other American universities, including the University of Texas (Austin), Emory University (Atlanta), and the State University of New York (Buffalo). He is the author of more than a dozen books and numerous articles on international law, human rights and comparative law subjects. Some of his writings have been translated into German, French, Spanish, Korean and Portuguese. He serves on the editorial boards of various professional journals, including The American Journal of International Law, Revue Universelle des Droits d'Homme, Europaische Grundrechte Zeitschrift, International Journal of Group Rights, and The Helsinki Monitor. Buergenthal has lectured at The Hague Academy of International Law and many other institutes and universities in different parts of the world.

He was the President of the Costa Rica-based Inter-American Institute of Human Rights (1980-92) and now serves as its honorary president. He is a member, inter alia, of the Kuratorium of the Max Planck Institute for Public International Law (Heidelberg), and of the Scientific Councils of the International Institute of Human Rights (Leiden). He is an honorary vice-president of the American Society of International Law; he served two terms as its vice-president and has been a member of its Executive Council on different occasions. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and of The American Law Institute.

Buergenthal has received the following academic degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bethany College, West Virginia; Doctor of Jurisprudence, New York University; Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science, Harvard Law School. He was awarded honorary doctorates in law by Bethany College and the University of Heidelberg in Germany. In May 1994, he will receive an honorary doctorate from the Free University in Brussels, Belgium. He is admitted to practise before the courts of the State of New York and the District of Columbia, as well as the United States Supreme Court.

Mrs. Christine CHANET (France)

I. HIGHER EDUCATION

Bachelor of Law degree: DES, Private Law

DES, Criminology

Lauréate, Faculty of Law, Paris

II. CIVIL SERVICE CAREER

1968:	National College of Magistrates

1970:	Deputy Procurator in the Central Administration of the Ministry of Justice

Member of the Committee on Crime of the Council of Europe

1974:	Technical Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Status of Women

1976:	Technical Adviser to the Secretary of State for Culture

1981:	Chargée de mission, Legal Affairs Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

1983:	Deputy Director for Human Rights and International Criminal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

1988:	Technical Adviser, Office of the Minister of Justice

Secretary, Criminal Justice and Human Rights Commission

1992:	Advocate General, Paris Appeal Court

III. UNITED NATIONS ACTIVITIES

1986-1990/

1990-1994:	Member of the Human Rights Committee

1987-1991:	Member of the Committee against Torture

IV. MISCELLANEOUS

Member of the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (France)

Member of INTERPOL's Commission on the Supervision of Justice

Member of the International Law Association

Member of the Extradition and Human Rights Group

Author of several articles in the Annuaire du droit international

Languages: English, French

Mr. Mamadi DIAWARA (Guinea)

I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Date and place of birth:	28 March 1944 at Hérémakono - Faranah (Republic of Guinea)

Nationality: Guinean

II. EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

1970:	University studies: Masters degree in law (University of Conakry)

III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

1971-1973:	Magistrate with extended jurisdiction

1974-1976:	President of the Appeal Court

1977-1983:	Government Procurator of the Court of Appeal

1983-1985:	Government Procurator of the High Court of Cassation

1985-1986:	Government Procurator of the Supreme Court

1987-1989:	Deputy Secretary-General of the National Executive

1989-1991:	Secretary-General of the Executive

1991-1992:	Minister of Education, responsible for Higher Education and Scientific Research

Since 15 January 1993: Director of Political and Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation

IV. SPECIAL MISSIONS

Participated in the drafting of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.

Represented the Government of Guinea at the settlement by the Arbitral Tribunal of The Hague of the "Guinea-Guinea-Bissau maritime frontier dispute".

Represented the Government of Guinea in the settlement by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) of the "Nominess Establissement v. Republic of Guinea" international maritime dispute.

Represented the Government of Guinea in the settlement by the International Chamber of Commerce of the "Geosurvey (R.F.A.) v. Republic of Guinea" dispute.

Represented the Government of Guinea in the settlement by ICSID of the "Atlantic Triton v. Repubic of Guinea" dispute.

A full list of missions undertaken by the candidate may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat.

V. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ACTIVITIES

From 1981 to 1983, introduced the annual report of the Republic of Guinea on observance of human rights, Commission on Human Rights, Geneva.

Participated in seminars held by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights.

Participated in OAU conferences: 1980, 1981, 1983.

Participated in General Conference of UNESCO: 1991.

Participated in Cotonou Summit Conference, 1993.

Member of the delegation of Guinea to the forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, 1993

A full list of the conferences in which the candidate has participated may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat.

Mrs. Ida-Denise DRAMMEH (The Gambia)

I. PERSONAL DATA

Profession: Barrister and Solicitor

Date of birth: 23 July 1958

Civil status: Divorced, one child

II. EDUCATION

1983-1984	SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE, Cambridge University, England

Master of Laws

Thesis:	Legal problems involved in setting up a securities market in a less developed country

1979-1980	NIGERIAN LAW SCHOOL, Lagos, Nigeria

Bar exams

1976-1979	UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, Nigeria

Bachelor of Laws

III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

1984-present	Senior Partner in firm of Macaulay and Drameh

Engaged in litigation, writing opinions and giving advice to local and international clients.

1981-1982	Personal Assistant to Special Adviser of The Gambia Government on Constitutional and International Law

Involved in arranging and coordinating criminal cases arising out of attempted coup d'état in The Gambia in 1981.

Involved in international law matters arising in relation to the confederation Treaty between the Republic of Senegal and The Republic of The Gambia.

IV. OTHER ACTIVITIES

1985-present	Law Research Officer with Law Reform Commission of The Gambia

Carrying out research on behalf of Commission on selected topics including the Legal Status of Women, Adoption, Maintenance of Children, Land Law and Tenure in The Gambia

1993-present	Governor of Saint Joseph's High School

1990	Member of the Committee appointed to inquire into functioning of District Tribunals in The Gambia

V. PAPERS

Function and use of Pleadings in civil cases -	Workshop on Continuing Legal Education, Banjul, The Gambia, November 1991

The Operation and Role of District Tribunals -	Gambia Law Foundation, Basse, The Gambia, March 1992

Assisted in arranging material for Berthan Macaulay Q.C. writer of paper dealing with subject of Human Rights in Africa - African Bar Association Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 1980.

VI. SEMINARS AND/OR WORKSHOPS ATTENDED

Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability - Commonwealth Magistrates and Judges Association, November 1993

WIPO Regional Seminar on Patent Cooperation Treaty - October 1993

Regional Bar Association meetings

Women's Jurists and Legal Officer's Conference - Dakar, Senegal, 1984

Mr. Omran EL SHAFEI (Egypt)

Born in June 1925, widower with two daughters.

Graduated from Cairo University (1947) from Faculty of Political Science.

Graduated also from National Defence College, Nasser's Higher Military Academy (1967).

Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1948 and served in several posts in Egyptian embassies abroad including the posts of Counsellor of the Egyptian Permanent Mission to the United Nations (1961-1965) and the post of Minister Plenipotentiary in the Egyptian Embassy in London (1968-1972).

Appointed Ambassador of Egypt to Pakistan (1974-1976), the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations Office at Geneva (1976-1980).

During his tenure in Geneva, served, among others, as Representative of Egypt to the Commission on Human Rights and elected for two years as Vice-Chairman of the Commission.

Occupied a number of posts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs including the post of Director of the International Organizations Department and Director of the Political Planning Department.

Appointed Under Secretary of State (1980) and later Assistant Foreign Minister until his retirement (1985)

While in Cairo and Geneva, Ambassador El Shafei participated in the preparation of the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 1949.

He also served in his individual capacity as a member and Chairman of the United Nations Advisory Board on Arms Control and Security Matters (1978-1990).

He has been a member of the Human Rights Committee since 1987 and Vice-Chairman of the Committee for the last three years.

Ambassador El Shafei served as a member of the Higher Administrative Tribunal (Conseil d'Etat) for three years (1991-1993) nominated by a decree of the Minister of Justice from a list of public personalities.

At present, Ambassador El Shafei performs the following functions:

-	Vice-Chairman of the Egyptian United Nations Association

-	Member of the Board of Administration of the Egyptian Red Crescent Society, responsible for the Society's international relations

-	Member of the Egyptian Pugnash society and of the Egyptian Charter of the International Development Society

-	Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee of the World Federation of United Nations Associations

-	Vice-President of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and Peace

-	Lectures at the Diplomatic Institute of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

Ambassador El Shafei is holder of the following orders:

Order of Merit - First Class - Egypt (1979)

Order of the Republic Egypt (1978)

Ordre National de Merit Italy (1982)

Ordre National de Merit - France (1983)

Order of Honour - Grand Commandor - (Greece, 1984)

Ordre National - Commandor - Republic of Mali

Ordre de Merit - Grand Officier République Centre Africaine

Mr. Cornelis FLINTERMAN (Netherlands)

I. EDUCATION

LL.M. Degree, University of Leyden, The Netherlands (1969)

LL.M. Degree, University of Virginia, United States of America (1971)

Visiting Scholar, Yale Law School, United States of America (1973)

Ph.D. Degree, University of Leyden, The Netherlands (1981)

II. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

(Senior) lecturer in law (comparative and constitutional law), Leyden University, 1969-1970, 1971-1974, 1976-1978

Visiting lecturer in law (comparative and constitutional law), University of Ghana, 1974-1976

Research associate of the Ghana Law Reform Commission, 1974-1976

Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Legal and Social Affairs Division, The Hague, 1979-1981

Professor of Law (constitutional and international law), University of Limburg, the Netherlands, 1982-present

(1984-1986 Dean of the Faculty of Law)

(1986-1991 Chairman of the International Law Department)

(1991-1993 Chairman Board of Directors, Research Institute, Faculty of Law)

(1992-present Co-director of the University of Limburg Research Centre of Human Rights)

III. MEMBERSHIPS

Present:

Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Human Rights and Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Member of the Advisory Council of the African Center for Democracy and Human Rights Studies, Banjul, the Gambia

Member of the Editorial Board of the Netherlands International Law Review

Member of the Social Sciences Committee of the National UNESCO Commission for the Netherlands

Member of the Advisory Board of the Netherlands' Foundation for Health and Human Rights

Member of the Board of the Foundation Netherlands Institute for Human Rights (SIM, Utrecht)

Member of the Board of the Foundation Netherlands Helsinki Committee

Member of the Editorial committee of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidsrecht (Netherlands Review of Health Law)

Member of the Advisory Committee on Questions of Public International Law of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Past (among others):

Alternate member of the Sub-commission for the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities (1986-1991)

Member of the Editorial Board of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Rechten van de Mens (Netherlands Review of Human Rights) (1982-1990)

Vice-Chairman of the forty-ninth session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1993)

Head of the delegation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the forty-ninth and fiftieth sessions of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1993 and 1994) and the World Conference on Human Rights (1993)

IV. OTHER PAST AND PRESENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

Past (among others):

Guest-lectures at the Universities of Poznan (Poland), Warsaw (Poland), Den Pasar (Indonesia), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Accra (Ghana), Lancaster (United Kingdom), Willemstad (Netherlands Antilles), Cincinnati (United States of America) and at the René Cassin Institute (Strasbourg, France) and Asser College Europe (The Hague)

External examiner: University of Lancaster (United Kingdom) (1987-1990), University of Ghana (Accra, Ghana) (1986-1989)

Present (among others):

Member of the African Society of International and Comparative Law, American Society of International Law, International Law Association, Netherlands Association of International Law, Netherlands Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, Netherlands Lawyers Association, German Association for African Law, Association of Alumni of The Hague Academy of International Law and of other professional associations

Substitute-judge at the District Court of Maastricht

V. PUBLICATIONS

Books/reports:

De Act of State Doctrine (doctoral dissertation, 1981), Antwerpen, 1981

Human Rights in Ghana, Utrecht, 1985

Articles:

Articles, reports, etc. on issues of (comparative) constitutional law, international law, law of international organizations and international human rights law in various Dutch and non-Dutch journals and books

Co-editor of a number of books on topics of international law, in particular on the international protection of human rights.

Mr. Komi Bouwemenda GNONDOLI (Togo)

I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Date and place of birth: 1958 at Lassa-Houdé (KOZAH)

Nationality: Togolese

Sex: Male

Marital status: Married

Occupation: Judge, grade 3, step 3	Principal Private Secretary to the Minister for Human Rights

II. EDUCATION

University studies:

College of Administrative and	1981-1983:	Law degree, third

Legal Studies (ESACJ)	certificate

1983-1984:	Master's degree in	Law

Postgraduate studies:

National College of Administration	1985-1987:	Third stage diploma

(ENA)	Course subject: Judicial service

HURIDOCS Network	June 1990:	Human rights information certificate

International Institute of Human	July 1991:	Human rights teaching

Rights, Strasbourg	and research certificate

July 1993:	Diploma in international human rights law and comparative law

International Labour Office	August 1991: Course at ILO in

Geneva

A full list of educational distinctions and fellowships is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.

III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

National Commission for Human Rights	May 1989 to June 1991: Assistant

(CNDH)	Administrative Secretary and delegate of CNDH with national responsibilities

Ministry of Human Rights	Since January 1991: Principal Private Secretary to the Minister for Human Rights

African Commission on Human and	March to April 1993: Head of

Peoples' Rights	the Togolese delegation to the thirteenth regular session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

United Nations Commission on	January to March 1994: Alternate

Human Rights	member of the Togolese delegation to the fiftieth session of the Commission on Human Rights

Languages:	French and English

Mr. Said Arébi HAFIANA (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

Present position:	President of the Tripoli Court of Appeal

University studies:	Bachelor of Law degree, Law Faculty of Garyounis University, Benghazi, 1967

Postgraduate diploma in public law, Faculty of Law and Economic Science, Montpellier (France)

Professional career:	1979 to 1984, Libyan Ambassador to France

1984 to 1988, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs

Conference and other activities:

Member of the Libyan delegation to the Conference on Human Rights in Africa, Banjul, 1980

Head of the Libyan delegation to the Elkods Committee meetings, Fez, 1981

Member of the Libyan delegation to the Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned Countries, Harare, 1986

Member of the Libyan delegation to the Conference of African Heads of State, Addis Ababa, 1987

Head of the Libyan delegation to the meeting of Ministers for Foreign Affairs to make preparations for the Arab Summit Conference, Algiers, 1989

Head of the Libyan delegation to the Conference of Ministers of Justice of States Members of the United Nations, Paris, 1991

Head of the Libyan delegation (preparation and submission of Libya's supplementary report), to the Committee against Torture, 1991, 1992, 1993

Representative and head of delegation of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the Commission on Human Rights, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994

Representative of the Jamahiriya on the Commission for the preparation of the Arab Charter of Human Rights

Head of the Libyan delegation to the meeting of Arab Ministers of Justice held to consider the draft Arab Charter of Human Rights, Cairo, 1993

Deputy Head of the Libyan delegation to the World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 1993

Member of the Libyan delegation to the Conference of African Heads of State, Cairo, 1993

Chairman of the political and juridical committee appointed to consider the problem of Libyan prisoners of war in Chad

Member of the Libyan delegation to the forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, 1993

Publications and research:

Papers on political, economic, social and cultural rights in Africa presented at the Banjul Conference, 1980

"Les pays en voie de développement face aux nouvelles données du nouvel ordre international" (Magazines d'études stratégiques, Beirut, 1990)

"Conflits des lois et des systems juridiques (Cadre natural de règlement du problème de 'Lockerbie')", a legal study published in Beirut (El Safir), 1990

"The historical roots of Islamic religious movements. Study of the phenomena of rejection of and revolt against established systems in Arab-Islamic history" (a series of lectures given to students of the Islamic Science Faculty, Tripoli, Libya)

Human rights: discussion - author of principles and compilation of practices (studies in Arabic that were the subject of a lecture to the Human Rights Committee), Libya, 1993

Mr. Kurt HERNDL (Austria)

At present a member of the Human Rights Committee (term of office expires 31 December 1994)

Born 8 November 1932 in Villach, Austria

I. EDUCATION

Baccalaureat, 1950; University of Innsbruck, Law Faculty, 1950-1956, LL.D., 1956. Postgraduate studies at the Law Faculty of the University of Paris (worked with Charles Rousseau, Paul Reuter and Suzanne Bastid), 1959-1960; participated in the Study and Research Centre of The Hague Academy of International Law (with Professors Charlier and Bedia), 1960 and 1962

II. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

Assistant lecturer in International Law, Law Faculty, University of Innsbruck, 1956-1962; entered the Austrian Foreign Service, 1962; member of the staff of the Office of the Legal Adviser, Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna, 1962-1965; Deputy Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations Office and the Specialized Agencies in Geneva, 1965-1969; seconded to the United Nations Secretariat, New York, 1969; Director, Security Council and Political Committees Division, United Nations, New York, 1969-1975; Director, Executive Office of the Secretary-General, United Nations, New York, 1975-1977; re-entered the Austrian Foreign Service, 1977, Ambassador. Legal Adviser of the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna, 1977-1982; again seconded to the United Nations Secretariat, Geneva, 1982; Head of the United Nations Centre for Human Rights with the rank of Assistant Secretary-General, 1982-1987; re-entered the Austrian Foreign Service, 1987; Director, International Organizations Division, Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna, and Deputy to the Director-General for Political Affairs, 1988-1989; Ambassador to Canada, 1989-1993; Special Adviser to the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs for the World Conference on Human Rights, 1993. Currently serving as a member of the EFTA Court based in Geneva

Participated in numerous United Nations meetings and plenipotentiary conferences as adviser, delegate and later head of delegation, representative of the Secretary-General or Committee Secretary, inter alia, the Security Council (1969-1976), 22 sessions of the General Assembly, 10 sessions of ECOSOC, 10 sessions of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, the United Nations Conference on Consular Relations (1963), the United Nations Conference on State Succession in Respect of Treaties (1977-1978), the Conference on the Drafting of a Constitution for UNIDO (1977-1978) and the World Conference on Human Rights (1993)

Attended numerous meetings of the International Labour Organisation, the World Health Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, the Intergovernmental Committee on Migration, the Council of Europe, the European Conference on Nuclear Research (CERN), the Executive Committee of UNHCR, the Legal Sub-Committee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space

III. SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Director of Studies (together with Antonio Cassese) of the Study and Research Centre of The Hague Academy of International Law (subject: the Legal Issues of Peace-Keeping), 1975, lectured annually at the Vienna Seminar on Peace-Keeping organized by the International Peace Academy, New York, 1977-1991; lectured at The Hague Academy of International Law, 1985 (one of the main courses, topic: the Role, Functions and Procedures of the Security Council of the United Nations), (see: Recueil des Cours, Tome 206 (1987/VI)); lectured at the Diplomatic Academy, Vienna on the sources of international law, 1981, and on the laws and procedures of international organizations, 1988

IV. SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Acted as agent for the Austrian Government in all human rights cases brought against Austria before the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights between 1977 and 1982; served as United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, directing the United Nations Centre for Human Rights 1982-1987, was elected member of the Human Rights Committee in 1990

V. PUBLICATIONS

Published a number of books and articles on topics of international law, the list of which may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent publications concerning human rights and related issues:

"The Role of the United Nations in the Development of Human Rights", in Bulletin of Human Rights, No. 86/2 (1986), pp. 1-6

"Recent Developments concerning United Nations Fact-finding in the Field of Human Rights", in Fortschritt im Bewusstsein der Grund- und Menschenrechte, Festschrift für Felix Ermacora, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington, 1987, pp. 1-35

"Die Menschenrechte in der Welt von Hente", in 23. Jahrbuch der Diplomatischen Akademie, Vienna, 1987-1988, pp. 77-84

"Reflections on the Role, Functions and Procedures of the Security Council". Recueil des Cours, vol. 206 (1987-VI), pp. 289-395

"Die Vereinten Nationen und die Menschenrechte - Anspruch und Wirklichkeit", in Die Vereinten Nationen und Österreich, vol. 38 (1989), No. 1-2

"The 'forgotten' competences of the Security Council", in Verantwortung in unserer Zeit, Festschrift für Rudolf Kirschlaeger, Vienna, 1990, pp. 83-92

"Bemerkungen zur Effektivität des Menschenrechtsschutzsystems der Vereinten Nationen", in: Menschenrechte als politischer Auftrag, ed. Dr. Heinrich Neisser, Serie Focus, vol. 7, Vienna, 1993, pp. 155-166

Mr. Zdzislaw KEDZIA (Poland)

I. PERSONAL DATA

Born:	Radom (Poland), 2 July 1943

Nationality:	Polish

Family status:	Married, one daughter

II. DEGREES

Professor of Law

III. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Present position

Since 1991	-	Minister-Counsellor, Permanent Mission of the Republic of Poland to the United Nations Office at Geneva

Diplomatic career

1989-1991	-	Adviser to the Minister of Foreign Affairs on human rights

1990-1991	-	Head, Human Rights Section, Legal Department of the Foreign Ministry, Warsaw

1990-1991	-	Representative of Poland to the Steering Committee for Human Rights of the Council of Europe

1991-1993	-	Rapporteur, Preparatory Committee to the World Conference on Human Rights

1992-1993	-	Vice-Chairman of the Council of Europe Ad Hoc Committee dealing with the preparation to the World Conference on Human Rights

1992	-	Head, Polish delegation to the forty-eighth session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Geneva

1993	-	General Rapporteur, United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna

1993	-	Rapporteur, forty-ninth session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights

1993	-	Expert, Polish delegation, forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, Third Committee, New York

1993	-	Chairman, Drafting Committee of the Working Group on the Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (established by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights)

Since 1992	-	Alternate Member, Venice Commission "Democracy through Law", Council of Europe

Academic career

Since 1973	-	Institute of Legal Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences; since 1992 full Professor; 1981-1991 Director of the Poznan Human Rights Centre; (on temporary leave since 1991)

1966-1973	-	Assistant and subsequently Assistant Professor of Constitutional Law and Political Sciences, Adam-Mickiewicz University, Poznan (Poland)

1969-1970	-	Postgraduate studies in public law, University of Zurich

1982-1983	-	Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, research in human rights law in the Max-Planck Institute for Foreign Public Law and International Public Law, Heidelberg

1988-1991	-	Coordinator of the research project "The Theoretical Foundations of the Individual's Rights, Freedoms and Duties in the Future Polish Constitution", Poznan (Poland)

1989-1992	-	Vice President of the Polish Section of the International Association of Constitutional Law

1983-1993	-	Series of lectures at universities in Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland

1989	-	Independent expert at the "round table" talks between the Government and the Trade Union Solidarnosc, Warsaw

Since 1989	-	Expert of the Polish Parliament (human rights, constitutional law); expert of the parliamentary Constitutional Commission

Since 1987	-	Expert to the Commissioner for Citizens' Rights (Polish Ombudsman)

Since 1993	-	Member of the Curatorium and Lecturer at the Institute for German and European Law on Political Parties (Hagen University, Germany)

Editorial activities

Co-editor of the All-European Human Rights Yearbook (together with P. Leuprecht and M. Nowak), J.P. Engel Publishers

Editor of the journal "Human Rights. Documents" (in Polish and in English)

Membership

Polish Section of the International Law Association

Polish Section of the International Association of Constitutional Law

Polish Section of the International Commission of Jurists

Chairman, Board of the Foundation "Human Rights Promotion: Teaching and Research" (Poland)

Awards

1991 -	Award of the Bruno Kreisky Foundation for the Poznan Human Rights Centre for the achievements in the field of human rights

Teaching subjects

International Human Rights Law, Comparative and Domestic Human Rights Law, Constitutional Law

IV. MAJOR RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Books, monographs

1.	Die Rechtsstellung von Ausländern nach polnischem Recht, in: The Legal Position of Aliens in National and International Law, (ed. J.A. Frowein, Th. Stein), vol. II, 1987

2.	Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen in the new Polish Constitution (Editor), 1990 (in Polish); author of (i) The Constitutional Concept of Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen, (ii) Criteria for the Construction of the Constitutional Catalogue of Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen, (iii) Principles of the Catalogue of Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen

3.	Human Rights. The Legal Model. Studies in International and Comparative Law, (ed. R. Wieruszewski), 1992, (in Polish); author of: (i) Right to Life, (ii) Freedom of Movement, (iii) The Right to Protection against Arbitrary Expulsion, (iv) The Right to Protection by the State Abroad

4.	Status of Deputies. International Loans, (Editor), 1992; author of: The Legal Status of a deputy to the Sejm (the Polish Diet)

5.	Das Parteienrecht in den zentral- und osteuropäischen Ländern, (ed. Z. Kędzia, D. Tsatsos), 1994, author of: (i) Das Parteienrecht in Polen, (ii) with D. Tsatsos, Gesammtwürdigung

Main articles and essays

A full listing of articles and essays written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:

An East European Perspective of an All-European System of Human Rights Protection, in: Perspectives of an All-European System of Human Rights Protection. The Role of the Council of Europe, the CSCE, and the European Communities, ed. Z. Kędzia, A. Korula, M. Nowak; All-European Human Rights Yearbook vol. 1, ed. Z. Kędzia, P. Leuprecht, M. Nowak, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington 1991, pp. 157-174

The implementation of Social and Economic Rights in Central and Eastern European Countries, in: The Implementation of Economic and Social Rights. National, International and Comparative Aspects, ed. F. Matscher, Schriften des Oesterreichischen Instituts für Menschenrechte, vol. 3, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington 1991, pp. 237-266

The Place of Human Rights Treaties in the Polish Legal Order, European Journal of International Law, 1982, No. 1

The European Convention on Human Rights and Polish Law, in: Der Schutz der Menschenrechte. Materialien aus dem IX. Deutsch-Polnischen Kolloquium, 1992

The Implementation of International Human Rights Agreements in Poland, in: The relationship between international and domestic law, European Commission for Democracy through Law, Council of Europe, 1993

V. CONSULTANCIES

Numerous expert opinions for different bodies. In 1989, inter alia, a study on "The legal aspects of accession to the European Convention on Human Rights by non-member States of the Council of Europe", for the Legal Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe - AS/Jur (42)4.

VI. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

(major recent conferences)

1.	Organizer of the International Conference "All-European Human Rights Protection" in cooperation with the Council of Europe (Poznan 1990)

2.	Participation in conferences organized by the Council of Europe: "Universality of Human Rights" (1989) and "Human Rights at the Dawn of the XXI Century" (1993) - chairman of one of three working groups

3.	UNESCO Conference "Education for Democracy and Human Rights" (Montreal, 1993) - chairman of one of three working groups

4.	Organizer of the International Seminar on Academic Freedom (Poznan 1993 - satellite meeting to the World Conference on Human Rights)

5.	World Conference on Human Rights (Vienna, 1993) - General Rapporteur and Vice Chairman of the Polish Delegation

Mr. Eckart KLEIN (Germany)

1943	Born in Oppeln/Upper Silesia

1949-1962	Attendance of school in Karlsruhe

1962-1963	National Service

1963-1964	Language studies in Paris

1964-1968	Law student at the Universities of Freiburg/Brsg., Göttingen, Lausanne and Heidelberg

1968	Law Degree

1971	Bar Examination

1969-1971	Assistant, Max-Planck Institute for Comparative Public and Public International Law, Heidelberg

1972-1976	Assistant, Faculty of Law, University of Heidelberg

1973	Doctorate in Jurisprudence (University of Heidelberg)

1974-1976	Law Clerk at the Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe

1976-1981	Research Fellow at the Max-Planck Institute for Comparative Public and Public International Law, Heidelberg

1980-1981	Associate Professor. Faculty of Law, University of Mainz

Since 1981	Professor of Public Law, Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mainz

1984-1994	Judge at the Higher Administrative Court of Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz

Since 1987	Member, Arbitration Tribunal and Mixed Commission (under the German External Debts Treaty)

Since 1991	Member of the European Court of Arbitration, Strasbourg

1991	Guest Professor at the University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America (September 1991)

1991-1992	Guest Professor at Sorbonne University Paris III

Since 1992	Deputy Member of the Constitutional Court of the Land Bremen

1994	Nominated to the Chair of Constitutional Law, Public International Law and European Law at the University of Potsdam; Director of the first German Human Rights Centre

Member, inter alia, of the International Law Association, American Society of International Law, Society of German Constitutional Lawyers, German Society of Public International Law, International Commission of Jurists

Married since 1969, three children

List of selected published writings

A full listing of articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:

The United Nations and the right of self-determination, in: Blumenwitz/Meissner (ed.), The Right of National Self-Determination and the German Question, 1984

Protection of individual rights in the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined in the European Human Rights Convention, in: Mahrenholz/Hilf/Klein, The Development of Human Rights within the States of the Council of Europe, 1987

Human rights of the third generation, in: C. Stark (ed.), Rights, Institutions and Impact of International Law according to the German Basic Law, 1987

The position in international law - human rights in the States of the Warsaw Pact, German Bundestag Document 11/1344

International human rights obligations of the GDR, in: G. Brunner (ed.), Human Rights in the GDR, 1989

The philosophy and implementation of minority protection, in: Reaffirmation and Development of Human Rights and Ethnic Group Rights in Central Europe, 1991

Mr. David KRETZMER (Israel)

I. PERSONAL DATA

1943	Born in Johannesburg, South Africa

1963	Immigrated to Israel

Present position

Louis Marshall Professor of Environmental Law and Director, Center for Human Rights, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

II. EDUCATION

1967	LL.B. (with distinction), Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1972	LL.M. (with distinction), Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1975	Dr. Jur., York University, Toronto, Canada

Doctoral Thesis: Aims and Functions of the Tort System of Loss Allocation

III. PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND

1966-1967	Clerk with Justice Z. Berinson, Israel Supreme Court

1967-1968	Clerk with firm of Yigal Arnon, Jerusalem

Teaching Assistant to Professor A. Barak

1968	Accepted as member of Israel Bar

1969-1972	Part-time teacher, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University

1970-1972	Advocate with D.M. Schlosberg, Advocates, Tel-Aviv, Israel

1972-1974	Doctoral Candidate, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, Canada

1975-1978	Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1976	Appointed to Louis Marshall Chair of Environmental Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1978	Appointed Senior Lecturer (with tenure), Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1978-1979	Fellow, Center for Advanced Engineering Studies, M.I.T., Cambridge, Massachussetts

Faculty member, Energy Impacts Project, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, M.I.T.

1979	(Summer) Consultant, Office of Policy and Planning, E.P.A., Washington, D.C.

1979	(Fall) David Ben-Gurion Visiting Professor, Law Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

1981-1984	Vice-Dean for Students' Affairs, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1984-1985	David Ben-Gurion Visiting Professor, Law Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

1984	Associate Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1989	(Fall) Visiting Professor, Tulane Law School, New Orleans

1990	(Spring) Academic Visitor, University College, Oxford

1991	Full Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

1991	Member, Standing Committee of the Senate, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Subjects taught at University: Contracts, Torts, Environmental Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Human Rights

IV. PUBLIC ACTIVITIES

1972	Founding member, Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI)

1981-1982	Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI

1986-1987	Co-Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI

1987-1989	Vice-Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI

1990-1992	Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI

1986-1990	Legal Commentator, "Jerusalem Post"

1990-	Contributing editor, "Jerusalem Report"

V. RESEARCH GRANTS

1990	Ford Foundation Grant for research on: The Supreme Court of Israel's Jurisprudence on the Occupied Territories

VI. PUBLICATIONS

April, 1993

A.	Books

The Rights of the Disabled in Israel - Proposals for Reform (together with U. Procaccia and A.L. Miller, Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, Jerusalem, 1979) (in Hebrew)

Nuisances (Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, Jerusalem, 1980) (in Hebrew)

Assault and False Imprisonment (Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, Jerusalem, 1980) (in Hebrew)

The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel (Westview Press, 1990)

B.	Articles

A full listing of articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:

The influence of first amendment jurisprudence on judicial decision-making in Israel, in: The Constitutional Bases of Political and Social Change in the United States (S. Slonim, ed., Praeger, 1990), 295-313

The constitutional and legal status of freedom of speech in Israel, in Israeli Reports to the XIII International Congress of Comparative Law (ed., C. Fassberg), 1990, 120-142

Public law, in: 40 Years of the Israeli Legal System (1990) 24 Is.L. Rev., 341-355

The new basic laws on human rights: a mini-revolution in Israeli Constitutional Law? (1992) 26 Is.L. Rev., 238-246

Political agreements - a critical introduction, (1992) 26 Is.L. Rev., 407-437

Racial incitement in Israel, (1993) 22 Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 243-259

Judicial review over demolition and sealing of houses in the Occupied Territories, in: Klinghoffer Book on Public Law (ed. I. Zamir, Jerusalem, 1993), 305-357

Mr. Maïnassara MAIDAGI (Niger)

I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Born:	1949

Married:	Five children

Occupation:	Judge

II. ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

October 1974:	Certificate of Legal Studies

June 1976:	Diploma of General University Studies (D.E.U.G.)

June 1977:	Bachelor of Law degree

June 1978:	Master of Law degree (Judiciary)

June 1980:	Diploma of the National College of Magistrates, Paris (France)

III. POSITIONS HELD

July 1980:	Presiding Judge, Zinder Court

September 1981:	Presiding Judge, Tahoua Court

October 1984:	Presiding Judge, Maradi Court

October 1986:	Presiding Judge, Niamey Court

October 1988:	Senior Judge, Niamey Appeal Court

March 1990:	Legal Adviser to the Prime Minister

Since August 1990:	Presiding Judge, Niamey Appeal Court

17 January 1992 to 31 March 1993 (while Presiding Judge of the Niamey Appeal Court) Chairman of the commission appointed to prepare the Basic Texts (established following the Sovereign National Conference)

25 August 1992 to 31 March 1993 (while Chairman of the commission appointed to prepare the Basic Texts) Permanent Secretary of the National Commission for Control and Supervision of the Constitutional Referendum and Conduct of Elections

Member of the Bureau (Foreign Relations Secretary) of the Niger Association for the Defence of Human Rights. As such, participated in the Constituent Congress of the Inter-African Union for Human Rights, held at Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

IV. SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS

Seminar-workshop on preparation and submission of national reports called for under the various international human rights conventions, Dakar (Senegal)

Training course on the development of national strategies and machinery for promoting and protecting human rights in Africa, Banjul (Gambia)

International development seminar on the topic "Programme to support democracy", Quebec (Canada)

Nominated by the Government of the Republic of Niger for inclusion in the list of arbitrators maintained by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

A full list of the seminars and workshops in which the candidate has participated is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.

Mrs. Cecilia MEDIAN QUIROGA (Chile)

I. EDUCATION

1953-1958	Faculty of Law, University of Chile, Santiago

1958	Bachelor's Degree in Law and Social Science (Highest honours)

1958-1959	Legal practice (Civil Law)

1959	Appointed as attorney to the Supreme Court of Chile

1971	Certificate in the Methodology of Legal Research and Teaching, Institute of Legal Teaching and Research, Santiago, Chile

1979	Tenth study session, International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France

1979	Seventh study session at the International Training Centre for University Teaching of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France

1982	Thirteenth study session, International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France

1986-1987	Women's leadership training course at ISIS, Amsterdam, Netherlands

1988	Doctorate in International Law, University of Utrecht, Netherlands

II. LANGUAGES

Spanish: Mother tongue

English: Fluent (active and passive)

Dutch: Good (active and passive)

French: Good (passive); poor (active)

III. ACADEMIC WORK

1993	Lecturer in public international law, Faculty of Law, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile

1992	Guest lecturer in international human rights law, School of Law, University of Chile

1992-1993	Director and lecturer, advanced training course in international human rights law for students in the faculties of law of Santiago and Concepción, the former organized by the Institute of Human Rights of the University of Utrecht (Netherlands), Diego Portales University and Andrés Bello University, and the latter by the same institutions and the University of Concepción

1992	Director and lecturer, course in international human rights law for judges and advocates (Montevideo, (Uruguay); Valparaíso, Valdivia and Antofagasta (Chile))

1991	Organizer, associate academic director and lecturer, course in international human rights law held at the Hague for South American judges and advocates, under the auspices of the Academy of International Law of the Hague and the Netherlands Human Rights Institute

1991	Consultant of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs for three human rights projects in Colombia (human rights in formal education and human rights at the local level)

1991-	Lecturer in international human rights law at Diego Portales University

1990	Director and lecturer, courses for international human rights judges and advocates, Buenos Aires and Tucumán (Argentina); Santiago, Concepción and Valparaíso (Chile). Human Rights Institute of the University of Utrecht

1989-1990	Guest lecturer at the International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France

1988	Guest lecturer at the University of Lund, Sweden

1986-1990	Guest lecturer, international law programme and human rights programme, Institute of Social Studies, the Hague, Netherlands

1989-	SIM (Netherlands Human Rights Institute), Faculty of Law, University of Utrecht, Netherlands - lecturing and research

1980-1988	Europa Instituut, Faculty of Law, University of Utrecht, Netherlands: teaching and research (international economic organizations, human rights)

1971-1973	Assistant lecturer in constitutional law, Faculty of Law, University of Chile, Santiago

1967-1970	Assistant lecturer in constitutional law in the same faculty

1966-1967	Assistant in constitutional law, same faculty

IV. OTHER ACTIVITIES

1977-1980	Research work at the Instituto para el Nuevo Chile, Rotterdam, Netherlands

1977	Research work in the Hispanic division of the law library, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., United States of America

1976-1977	Legal adviser, Institute for the Development of Indian Law, Washington, D.C., United States of America

1974	Latin American Council of Social Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina

1971-1973	Acting secretary and recording officer, Constitutional Court of Chile

1959-1970	Private practice as advocate

V. PUBLICATIONS

A full listing of books and articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:

Cuadernos de Análisis Jurídico, No. 25, Serie Seminarios, 1993, School of Law, Diego Portales University, April 1993. El Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, C. Medina (Coordinator), School of Law, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.

"Do international human rights laws protect women?", in: Joanna Kerr (ed.), Ours by Right, Women's Rights as Human Rights, ZED Books in association with the North-South Institute, 1993, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 78-81.

C. Medina (editor), SIM Special No. 13, Training Course on International Human Rights Law, Selected Lectures, Peace Palace, the Hague, 16 September-4 October 1991.

"The right of individual petition. Some problems of law and practice", in ibid.

C. Medina (Coordinator), Cuadernos de Análisis Jurídico, No. 26, Curso de Entrenamiento en Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, Conferencias Escogidas, Peace Palace, the Hague, 16 September-4 October 1991, 1993.

Spanish translation of "The right of individual petition. Some problems of law and practice", in ibid., pp. 149-167.

Since 1988, contributor to the "Human Rights News" section (inter-American system), of the Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights.

Member of the Editorial Council of the Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights.

Forthcoming publications:

"Towards a more effective guarantee of the enjoyment of human rights by women in the inter-American system", paper presented at a seminar held at the University of Toronto, Canada, from 31 August to 2 September 1992, to form a chapter of a volume in the University of Pennsylvania Press Book Series on Human Rights, in 1993.

"The International Human Rights Machinery: A Stock-taking", paper presented at a seminar organized by the American University in Washington, D.C., on 6 and 7 April 1992.

Mr. Seyved Mostafa MOHAGHEGH DAMAD (Islamic Republic of Iran)

I. PERSONAL DATA

Place of birth:	Qum

Date of birth:	1945

Married with 5 children

II. EDUCATION

Completion of Theological Seminary in Islamic Jurisprudence Degree (Mujtahed)

Law and Islamic Philosophy in the University of Tehran

International Public Law, Ph.D. level of Levan University of Belgium, Thesis: "Protection of individuals in time of armed conflict under international and Islamic laws"

III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

Senior Judge - Judicial Rank II

University Professor and Head of the Group of Law

Head of the General Inspectorate Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Head of the Committee for regulating judicial bills of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Head of Department of the Islamic Science and Culture of the Academy of Iran

Head of the S.A.M.T., an academic group for studies and investigation on law books

Head of the Department of Law, University of lecturers' training

Member of the Committee for Civil Law

Member of the Council for Cultural Studies and Investigation

Member of the High Council of Imam Khomeini's International University

Member of the Scientific Council of the Grand Islamic Encyclopaedia

Member of the High Council of Selection of Lecturers for Universities

Member of the Trusteeship Corps of the Universities of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Member of the Corps of Experienced Experts

Member of the High Council of Cultural Studies and Investigation Institute

Member of General Culture Institute of Iran

Member of the Scientific Corps for granting honorary doctorates

IV. PUBLICATIONS

Compiled more than 10 books on law, philosophy and religion with the following titles:

Series on Uslul-Al-Figh in Farsi - 3 volumes

Principles on Figh - 2 volumes

Family Law - 1 volume

Juridical Analysis of Bequest - 1 volume

Juridical Analysis of Redemption - 1 volume

Juridical Analysis of Pre-emption - 1 volume

Comparative studies on Islamic Philosophy (translated from English) - 1 volume

Evolution of the Alive (translated from English) - 1 volume

Public International Law of Islam (translated from English) - 2 volumes

Development of Philosophy in the World of Islam (translated from English) - 1 volume

More than 30 essays on philosophy, law and religion as follows:

Concept of Islamic Humanitarian Law, in Farsi

Compliance with International Human Law, in Farsi

Ali (AS's) Views on Humanistic Law, in Farsi

Islamic Call, asking all religions to consider the humanistic honour

Religious Minorities in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Religious Tolerance and Universal Brotherhood in Islam

V. CONFERENCES

Has taken part in many international conferences such as:

Judicial conferences, Karachi and Kualampur; Conference on Human Rights, Hamburg and Tehran; Conference on Religions in Malta, Milan, Levan; Conference on Understanding Shiah at Temple University, Philadelphia

Languages: Proficient in English, Arabic, Farsi and fairly familiar with the French language

Mr. Abdalla Idris MOHAMMED (Sudan)

I. PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth:	1 January 1946

Civil status:	married with children

II. EDUCATION

1965-1970	Faculty of Law

1974-1977	Yale Law School

1970	LL.B. (Honours) Khartoum

1973	LL.M. Khartoum

1975	LL.M. Yale Law School

1977	J.S.D. Yale Law School

III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

1974-1977	Teaching assistant, University of Khartoum

1977-1984	Lecturer

1984-1991	Assistant professor

1993 up to now	Associate professor

1980-1983	Head, Department of Commercial Law

1983-1987	Dean, Faculty of Law

1970-1971	Legal Assistant, Sudan Judiciary

1971-1972	2nd Class Magistrate, Sudan Judiciary

1972-1974	1st Class Magistrate, Sudan Judiciary

1986-1988	Chairman, Legal Aid Centre (Kh.)

1987-1988	Chairman, Human Rights Centre (Kh.)

1989	Member of Sudanese Government delegation to peace talks with SPLA, Ethiopia

1990	Member of Sudanese Government delegation to peace talks with SPLA, Nigeria

1992/1993	Minister of Justice, Attorney General

IV. RESEARCH VISITS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES

July 1981	Twelfth session of the University human rights course - Strasbourg, France

July 1983	Courses on American and International Law, Academy of American and International Law

1984	Courses on American Legal Institutions - Salzburg, Austria

1986-1987	Scholar in Residence, University of Madison, Wisconsin

1987	Courses in human rights, Columbia Law School, New York

1986	Short WIPO-sponsored research visits on Intellectual Property Law to Max Planck Institute at Munich in July and November

V. PUBLICATIONS

1980	The use of the corporate form of business organization in Sudan

1980	Stipulations for the benefit of third parties in Islamic Law of Contracts, Journal of the Centre for Islamic Legal Studies, Nigeria

1980	Cases and materials on sale of goods, Faculty of Law, University of Khartoum

1982	Human Rights in Islam, Journal of Comparative Law (U.S.A.)

1984	Cases and materials on partnership

1985	Relevance of Sudan Legal Education to development law and development studies

Mr. Birame NDIAYE (Senegal)

I. EDUCATION

Baccalauréat (Philosophy), 1962

Bachelor's degree in Public Law, 1966, University of Lille

Graduate Studies Diploma in Public Law, 1967

Graduate Studies Diploma in Political Science, 1969

Diploma of the Institute of Human Rights and Comparative Law, Strasbourg, 1975

State Doctorate in Public Law, 1973, University of Bordeaux; thesis defended on 3 July 1973.

II. POSITIONS HELD

Supervisor of work carried out under direction at Lille, 1968-1969;

Assistant, Faculty of Legal and Economic Science, University of Dakar, October 1969 to October 1972;

Assistant, Centre for Black Africa Studies, Political Research Institute, University of Bordeaux;

Research attaché at CNRS;

1973-1979 Assistant lecturer, Faculty of Legal and Economic Science, University of Dakar;

October 1979 to 1981, Assistant lecturer, Faculty of Legal and Economic Science, University of Dakar;

1981 Acting Director, Université des Mutants;

1981 Director, Université des Mutants;

April 1981, Director of Legal and Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

Lecturer, National College of Administration and Magistrates, 1969 to 1972 and 1973 to 1983;

Judge on special assignment to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Senegal;

Former member of the African Institute for Strategic Studies, Gabon;

Associate Director for volume 8 of Encyclopédie juridique de l'Afrique (labour legislation, social security, civil service);

Member of the United Nations Human Rights Committee;

Vice-Chairman of the United Nations Human Rights Committee since March 1985;

Training course at the French Institute for Graduate Studies in National Defence (1986);

Minister-Counsellor, Embassy of Senegal in Paris, since 22 June 1992.

III. ACADEMIC WORK

Thesis for Doctorate of Law: "The individual and the international bodies for protection and promotion of human rights".

IV. PUBLICATIONS

"La place des droits de l'homme dans la Charte de l'OUA" in "Les dimensions internationales des droits de l'homme", UNESCO;

"Droits et obligations des fonctionnaires et agents de l'Etat", Encyclopédie juridique de l'Afrique, volume 8;

La présidence en exercice de l'OUA: l'expérience sénégalaise, 1988;

Forthcoming: Réformes institutionnelles et démocratisation continuée au Sénégal.

Articles:

A full listing of articles written, as well as of training and instruction courses given, is available for consultation in the files of the secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:

"Protocoles additionnels aux conventions de Genève, colloque international de Dakar, Université des Mutants-Fondation Wollenberg de Suède, mars 1992" in Publications of the Wollenberg Foundation (Sweden);

"Les systèmes de protection des droits de l'homme: ONU Commission africaine" paper presented to the seminar organized by the Ministry of Education, Democracy and Human Rights, at Bamako in March 1993;

"Les Nations Unies et le développement: le cas de l'Afrique", paper presented at the international seminar held by the Institute of Political Studies of Aix en Provence, 3 and 4 December 1993;

"Le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques: rédaction des rapports et leur analyse par le Comité", paper presented to the regional seminars on periodic reports for French-speaking African countries, Abidjan, 23 June 1994;

"La Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants et le Comité contre la torture: rédaction des rapports et leur analyse par le Comité", paper presented to the regional seminar on periodic reports for French-speaking African countries.

V. INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

Member of the National Committee of Experts appointed to carry out the substantive preparations for the Dakar International Conference on Namibia and Human Rights;

Chairman, Scientific Committee, Dakar and Conakry Seminars on African Integration;

Assistant to the Head of Delegation of the Republic of Senegal at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea;

Chairman of the Committee of Legal Experts, Dakar;

Member of the delegation to the thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh sessions of the United Nations General Assembly (Sixth Committee);

Member of the Senegalese delegation to the 17th and 18th Summit Conferences of OAU. Preparation of studies on the subject of the law of the sea and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights;

Head of the delegation of Senegal to the Vienna Conference on Succession of States in respect of Property, Archives and Debts;

Co-agent of the Republic of Senegal at the Senegal-Guinea-Bissau arbitral Tribunal and the International Court of Justice;

Co-chairman of the Commission for the Liquidation of the Sénégambie Confederation;

Delegation to the World Conference, Vienna, June 1993.

VI. DECORATIONS

Chevalier de l'ordre national du Lion, Senegalese National Order;

Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (France), 29 June 1993.

Mr. Bharat PATEL (Zimbabwe)

I. PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth	:	16 April 1952

Place of Birth	:	Harare, Zimbabwe

II. ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

1975	:	LLB Bachelor of Laws (University of Rhodesia)

1976	:	Bar Part I (Council of Legal Education)

1977	:	LLM Master of Laws (University College, London)

1978	:	Bar Finals (Inns of Court School of Law)

III. PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS

August 1976	:	Advocate (Zimbabwe)

July 1978	:	Barrister (Inner Temple)

May 1982	:	Legal Practitioner (Zimbabwe)

IV. RESEARCH

September 1978 -	:	Preparatory and part-time

April 1982	research on thesis entitled "The International Legal Protection of Civilians in Situations of Armed Conflict". (University College London)

A full list of educational distinctions, honours and associations is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.

V. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

February 1970 -	:	Central Statistical Office (Harare) -

February 1971	Administrative Cadet: Statistical research and analysis of distributive sector. Compiling census of distribution.

December 1974 -	:	Legal Aid Centre (Harare) - Part-time

September 1975	voluntary Legal Adviser under auspices of University Law Department.

December 1978 -	:	National Council for Civil Liberties

September 1979	(London) - Part-time voluntary Legal Adviser at weekly legal advice sessions.

March 1979 -	:	Greater London Citizens Advice Bureau

September 1979	Service (London) - Full-time Trainee.

June 1979 -	:	Free Representation Unit	(London) - Legal	January 1980	representation before Industrial Tribunals.

September 1979 -	:	New Cross Citizens Advice Bureau

April 1982	(London) -

September 1978 to August 1981

Full-time Advice Worker - Generalist and legal advice. Casework (predominantly on housing, employment and welfare rights). Legal representation before Industrial and Supplementary Benefit Tribunals.

September 1981 to April 1982

Collective Worker and Joint Organiser - Substantive work as above coupled with joint responsibility with colleagues for administration of the Bureau.

February 1980 -	:	South and West London Citizens Advice

July 1980	Bureaux (London) - Area Training Tutor: Employment Law. Immigration Law.

March 1980 -	:	Greater London Citizens Advice

February 1982	Bureaux Service (London) - Lecturer on Basic Training Course: Immigration Law. Nationality Law.

June 1980 -	:	Lee Centre (London) - Tutor on Citizens

February 1980	Rights Course: Employment Law. Immigration Law. Nationality Law.

September 1980 -	:	Citizens Advice Bureaux (Surrey, West	February 1981	Sussex, Croydon, Reading) - Tutor: Immigration Law. Nationality Law.

July 1983 -	:	University of Zimbabwe (Harare):

November 1984	Tutor - International Law.

July 1983 -	:	Mashonaland Rent Board (Harare):

June 1985	Chairman: Rent and eviction control. Hearing and determination of applications for rent orders and eviction certificates.

July 1991	:	Health Professions Council of Zimbabwe (Harare): Legal Member - Advice to Council on matters of law and legal procedure generally and, in particular, with regard to disciplinary matters and inquiries.

May 1992	:	Mananga Management Centre (Swaziland)

March 1993	Training Consultant and Lecturer -

October 1993	Preparation and delivery of module on environmental law on environmental management in development course.

June 1992	:	Zimbabwe Technical Working Group on Regional Integration (Harare): Legal Member - Study and analysis of present extent of regional economic integration. Recommendations on implementation of integration process and promotion of intra-regional economic activity.

January 1994 -	:	European Community/Imani Development:	July 1994	Legal Consultant - Initiative to facilitate regional investment, trade and payments in Eastern and Southern Africa. Report on governing legal provisions in Zimbabwe and proposed amendments thereto.

VI. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS

November 1984	:	Preferential Trade Area Conference on the Relaxation of Visa Requirements (Lusaka)

Zimbabwe Government Delegate.

December 1985	:	UNESCO Meeting of International Experts on Peoples' Rights (Harare)

Participant.

July 1988	:	UNCITRAL Regional Seminar on International Trade Law (Maseru)

Participant.

March 1991	:	British Council Seminar on New Directions in Environmental Law (Windsor)

Participant.

VII. PUBLICATIONS AND TEACHING MATERIALS

A full list of articles and teaching materials written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:

December 1985	:	Final Report of UNESCO Meeting of International Experts on Peoples' Rights: Paper: "Human Rights and Peoples' Rights in the Post-Colonial Context".

June 1991	:	Legal Forum (Vol.3 No.2): "Effect in Domestic Law of Treaties to which Zimbabwe is a Party".

September 1993	:	Legal Forum (Vol.5 No.3): "The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development".

Mr. Julio PRADO VALLEJO (Ecuador)

Graduate in Social Sciences and Doctor of Law

Ambassador, Foreign Service of the Republic of Ecuador

Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1967-1968

Chairman of the United Nations Human Rights Committee, 1986-1988

Professional experience

Professor of international law at the Faculty of Law of the Central University of Quito, since 1955

Permanent representative to the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, 1955

Alternate representative to the Organization of American States (OAS), 1955

President of the Inter-American Commission for Co-operation in the Amazon Region

Alternate representative of Ecuador to the United Nations, 1955

Representative of Ecuador to the twelfth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations

Representative of Ecuador to the United Nations Economic and Social Council, 1955

Professor, Post-Graduate Institute of International Law, since 1958

Representative of Ecuador to the Board of Governors of the World Bank, 1959

Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Second Conference of the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA)

Adviser on international agreements to the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 1959

Representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the International Centre of Higher Studies in Journalism for Latin America (CIESPAL)

Representative of Ecuador at the Meeting of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank, 1961

Representative of Ecuador to the Latin American Free Trade Association, 1961

General Secretary of the Ecuadorian Office for the Latin American Free Trade Association, 1962

Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Consultative Meeting of American Ministers for Foreign Affairs, 1967

Member of the delegation of Ecuador to the Meeting of American Presidents, 1967

Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1967

Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Second Meeting of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Latin American Free Trade Association

Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 1967

Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Consultative Meeting of American Ministers for Foreign Affairs, 1967

Director of the Post-Graduate School of International Sciences of the Central University of Ecuador, 1974

President of the Ecuadorian National Committee for the Defence of Human Rights, 1974

Member of the Governing Board of the Faculty of Law of the Central University of Ecuador, 1974

National Deputy of the Republic of Ecuador

Member of the Andean Commission of Jurists, 1980-1990

Member of the Special Commission on International Affairs of the National Congress

Director of the Human Rights Institute of the Central University

Member of the delegation of Ecuador to the Special Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Organization of American States, 1982

Member of the Consultative Committee on Foreign Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Representative of Ecuador to the Third United Nations conference on the Law of the Sea

President of the Ecology and Environment Commission of the National Congress, 1983

Member of the International Society for Human Rights and President of the National Section for Ecuador

Professor at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Editorialist, El Tiempo, La Hora and El Expreso

Author of Documentos Básicos de Derechos Humanos, Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, published in 1985

Author of Documentos Básicos de Derechos Humanos, Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, published in 1992.

Mr. Waleed SADI (Jordan)

I. PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth	:	1937

Nationality	:	Jordanian

Marital Status	:	Married

Children	:	Four

II. EDUCATION

High School Diploma, Friends Boys School - Quaker School - Ramallah. B.A. Economics, Southern Methodist University, Texas, United States. J.D. - Doctor of Law - University of Chicago Law School, United States

Holder of the National Honor Scholarship for three years, University of Chicago, United States

III. MEMBERSHIPS

Jordan Bar Association

Rotary Club

Consumer Association, Amman, Jordan

Jordanian Red Crescent Society

IV. HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVITIES

Member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 1975-1981

Chairman of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 1980-1981

Member of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of

Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 1978-1981

Member of the United Nations Board of Trustees of the Fund for Victims of	Torture, 1980-1992

Member of the Human Rights Committee, 1990-1994

Member of the Armand Hammer Conferences on Peace and Human Rights,

1976-1983

Member of the Jordanian Delegation to the Vienna World Conference

on Human Rights, 1993

V. PRESENT EMPLOYMENT

Lawyer, Columnist, Editorialist and Human Rights Expert

VI. PAST EXPERIENCES

Chief Editor, Jordan Times, 1988-1990

Lawyer, 1986-1988

Ambassador to Turkey, 1982-1985

Ambassador to the United Nations and Other International

Organizations, 1975-1980

Diplomat, Jordan Mission to the United Nations, New York,

United States

Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in Washington, D.C., United States

Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in Moscow, USSR

Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in Paris, France

Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in London, England

VII. PUBLICATIONS

The Economic Theory in Islam

Jordanian Foreign Policy

Mr. Martin SCHEININ (Finland)

Born in 1954. Graduated from the Law Faculty of the University of Turku in 1982, Licentiate in Laws (University of Turku) 1987, Doctor iuris (University of Helsinki) 1991. During law studies, served in 1980 as a lay member of the Housing and Tenancy Court in Turku.

1985-1986 Assistant Secretary of Parliament. 1986-1993 Researcher within the Academy of Finland. In 1992, served three months as Special Adviser to the Ministry of Justice. Since 1992 Docent in Constitutional Law and since 1993 Professor of Law (Constitutional Law) at the University of Helsinki. In December 1993 and July 1994, Visiting Professor at the University of Tartu (Estonia) as part of the "EuroFaculty" cooperation programme.

Secretary to three Government Commissions for constitutional reform: the 1982-1983 Constitution Revision Commission, the 1989-1992 Bill of Rights Drafting Commission and the 1992-1993 Constitution Revision Commission.

1988- member of the Finnish Advisory Board on Human Rights Affairs, vice chairman since 1993. 1993- member of a Working Group on Priorities in Health Care and an Expert Group on HIV issues. 1991- Permanent Expert of the Ministry of Justice, in matters relating to constitutional and international law.

Between 1987 and 1994 has assisted several applicants in human rights cases before domestic courts and international bodies. Vice chairman of the Finnish League for Human Rights, board member of the Finnish ICJ Section, founding member of the Finnish Helsinki Committee.

70 scholarly publications in Finnish, English and Swedish, mostly in the field of human rights law but also in constitutional law and legal theory. Doctoral thesis "Human Rights in Finnish Law", 1991.

A full list of articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles and textbooks concerning human rights and related issues:

1992	"Article 18; Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion", and "Article 20; Freedom of Assembly and Association". In Asbjørn Eide, Gudmundur Alfredsson, Göran Melander, Lars Adam Rehof and Allan Rosas, with the collaboration of Theresa Swinehart (eds.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Commentary.	Scandinavian University Press.

1993	"Constitutional Law and Human Rights Law". In Juha Pōyhōnen (ed.), An Introduction to Finnish Law. Finnish Lawyers' Publishing.

1993	"A Comparative Study on the Monitoring Mechanisms and the Important Institutional Frameworks for Human Rights Protection within the Council of Europe, the CSCE and the European Community" (together with Merja Pentikäinen). In Arie Bloed, Liselotte Leicht, Manfred Nowak and Allan Rosas (eds.), Monitoring Human Rights in Europe; Comparing International Procedures and Mechanisms.	Kluwer Academic Publishers.

1994	"Direct Applicability of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Critique of the Doctrine on Self-Executing Treaties". In Krzysztof Drzewicki, Catarina Krause and Allan Rosas (eds.), Social Rights as Human Rights: A European Challenge. Institute for Human Rights, Ábo Akademi University.

1994	Co-author in Asbjørn Eide, Catarina Krause and Allan Rosas (eds.), Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Textbook. (forthcoming)

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