CCPR
UNITED
NATIONS
International covenant
on civil and
political rights
Distr.
GENERAL
CCPR/SP/43
29 June 1994
ENGLISH
Original: ENGLISH/FRENCH/
SPANISH
MEETING OF STATES PARTIES
Fourteenth meeting
New York, 8 September 1994
ELECTION, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLES 28 TO 32 OF THE INTERNATIONAL
COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, OF NINE MEMBERS OF THE HUMAN
RIGHTS COMMITTEE TO REPLACE THOSE WHOSE TERMS ARE DUE TO EXPIRE ON
31 DECEMBER 1994
Note by the Secretary-General
1. In conformity with article 30, paragraph 4, and article 32, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 14th meeting of States parties to the Covenant will be convened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters on Thursday, 8 September 1994, for the purpose of electing nine members of the Human Rights Committee from a list of persons nominated by States parties, to replace those whose terms are due to expire on 31 December 1994 (see annex I). The names of the other nine members who will continue to serve on the Committee until 31 December 1996 appear in annex II.
2. In accordance with article 30, paragraph 2, and article 34 of the Covenant, the Secretary-General, in a note verbale dated 18 March 1994, invited the States parties to submit, in conformity with article 29 of the Covenant, their nominations for the election of nine members of the Committee within three months, i.e. by 18 June 1994.
GE.94-17295 (E)
3. In compliance with the provisions of article 30, paragraph 3, of the Covenant, the Secretary-General has the honour to list below, in alphabetical order, the names of the persons nominated for election to the Human Rights Committee, indicating the States parties which have nominated them:
Name of Candidates Nominated by
Mr. Stanislau S. Agurtsou (Belarus)
Mr. Akram Dawood Al-Witri (Iraq)
Mr. Nisuke Ando (Japan)
Mr. T. Olusegun Apata (Nigeria)
Mr. Aboudou Assouma (Togo)
Mr. Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati (India)
Mr. Thomas Buergenthal (United States of America)
Mrs. Christine Chanet (France)
Mr. Mamadi Diawara (Guinea)
Mrs. Ida-Denise Drammeh (The Gambia)
Mr. Omran El Shafei (Egypt)
Mr. Cornelis Flinterman (Netherlands)
Mr. Komi Bouwèmenda Gnondoli (Togo)
Mr. Said Arébi Hafiana (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)
Mr. Kurt Herndl (Austria)
Mr. Zdzislaw Kedzia (Poland)
Mr. Eckart Klein (Germany)
Mr. David Kretzmer (Israel)
Mr. Mainassara Maidagi (Niger)
Mrs. Cecilia Medina Quiroga (Chile)
Mr. Seyyed Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad (Islamic Republic of Iran)
Mr. Abdalla Idris Mohamed (Sudan)
Mr. Birame Ndiaye (Senegal)
Mr. Bharat Patel (Zimbabwe)
Mr. Julio Prado Vallejo (Ecuador)
Mr. Waleed Sadi (Jordan)
Mr. Martin Scheinin (Finland)
Annex I
LIST OF THE NINE MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE
WHOSE TERMS EXPIRE ON 31 DECEMBER 1994
Mr. Nisuke Ando (Japan)
Mrs. Christine Chanet (France)
Mr. Vojin Dimitrijevic (Yugoslavia)
Mr. Omran El Shafei (Egypt)
Mr. Kurt Herndl (Austria)
Mr. Birame Ndiaye (Senegal)
Mr. Julio Prado Vallejo (Ecuador)
Mr. Waleed Sadi (Jordan)
Mr. Bertil Wennergren (Sweden)
Annex II
LIST OF THE NINE MEMBERS WHO WILL CONTINUE TO SERVE
ON THE COMMITTEE UNTIL 31 DECEMBER 1996
Mr. Francisco José Aguilar Urbina (Costa Rica)
Mr. Tamás Bán (Hungary)
Mr. Marco Tulio Bruni Celli (Venezuela)
Mrs. Elizabeth Evatt (Australia)
Mr. Laurel Francis (Jamaica)
Mrs. Rosalyn Higgins (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
Mr. Rajsoomer Lallah (Mauritius)
Mr. Andreas V. Mavrommatis (Cyprus)
Mr. Fausto Pocar (Italy)
Annex III
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Mr. Stanislau S. AGURTSOU (Belarus)
I. Personal Data
Date of birth: 10 April 1938
Place of birth: Gomel District, Belarus
Nationality: Belarus
Marital status: Married, has two children
II. Education
1955-1958 Special technical school, Minsk
1961-1967 State Institute of International Relations, Moscow
III. Professional Activities
1975-present Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus
In March of 1994 was appointed Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs
Has diplomatic rank: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
1970-1975 Member of the United Nations Secretariat Staff
1968-1975 Permanent Mission of the Republic of Belarus to the United Nations
1967-1968 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus
IV. Main Areas of Specialization
Human rights issues, including, in particular, rights of minorities, children and women; elimination of all forms of discrimination; international humanitarian cooperation; social development problems, etc.
Participated in the drafting of the new Constitution, Civic and Criminal Codes and other laws of the Republic of Belarus
V. International Conferences
Several sessions of the United Nations General Assembly (Third Committee), ECOSOC, Commission on Human Rights, Human Rights Committee, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and of other United Nations bodies, dealing with protection and respect for human rights.
World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
VI. Publications
Rights of Children in Belarus
Activities in the Field of Human Rights at the United Nations and others
VII. Languages
Belarusian, English, Russian
Mr. Akram Dawood AL-WITRI (Iraq)
I. Personal data
Born in Faghdad, Iraq, 11 December 1930
Previously Ambassador, Lead of Legal Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Baghdad, Iraq
Currently Advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs
Married and has three children
II. Education
B.A. in law, College of Law, University of Baghdad, 1952
Doctor in Public International Law, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland
III. Career
Member of the Permanent Cover of Arbitration, The Hague, since 1987
Legal Advisor - Vice President of the Legal State Council (Conseil d'Etat). 1970-1978, 1980-1986
Minister Plenipotentiary - Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1978-1989
Ambassador, Head of Legal Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1986
IV. Activities
Lecturer of Public International Law - High studies - Law College - Baghdad 1982-1986
Representative of Iraq, then head of Iraqi Delegation to the Law of the Sea Conference, 1974-1986
Representative of Iraq at the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, 1965-1986
Representative of Iraq to the Vienna Conference of Succession of States
Representative of Iraq to the United Nations General Assembly, 1979
Member of the Committee of Arab Experts in the Law of Sea, Cairo - Tunis
Member of Human Rights Committee, Baghdad
V. Publications
Published a number of books and articles on topics of international law, the list of which may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat.
Mr. Nisuke ANDO (Japan)
Date of birth 6 August, 1935
March 1959 LL.B., Department of Law, Kyoto University
March 1961 LL.M., Graduate School of Law, Kyoto University
September 1962- Grantee, All-Expense Graduate Study, Fulbright
June 1964 Commission
June 1963 M.A. Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
June 1964 M.A. in Law and Diplomacy, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
April 1965 Lecturer, Faculty of General Education, Kyoto University
August 1968 Associate Professor, Faculty of General Education, Kyoto University
August 1968- Frequently attended conferences and meetings of World
July 1979 Association of World Federalists as its Council and Executive Committee Member
September 1969- Researcher at United States National Archives and
October 1970 Records Service, Fulbright Commission
June 1971 Ph.D., Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
May 1972 Attended twenty-fourth session of the United Nations International Law Commission as an Observer for the Japanese Government
May 1975 Attended Twenty-seventh Session of the same Commission in the same capacity
September 1976- British Council Fellow at London School of Economics and
August 1978 Political Science
September 1977 Participant, Research Centre of the Hague Academy of International Law
April 1981- Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law,
March 1990 Kobe University
March 1984-1987 Elected Alternate Member, United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
February 1985 Member, Planning Committee, International Institute for Advanced Studies (Japan)
October 1985 Member, Council, Japanese Society of International Law
January 1987- Elected Member, Rapporteur (1991-1992) and Chairman
December 1994 (1993 up to now), Human Rights Committee under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
April 1990 Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law,
(up to now) Kyoto University
Principal publications
A full list of the books and articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent books and articles concerning human rights and related issues:
1993 "The Reform of the Protection of Human Rights in Asia and the Pacific", pp. 323-336, in La Laguna University, The Reform of International Institutions for the Protection of Human Rights (Bruylant: Bruxelles)
1992 "The Future of Monitoring Bodies - Limitations and Possibilities of the Human Rights Committee", pp. 169-176, in University of Ottawa, Canadian Human Rights Yearbook 1991-1992
1991 Surrender, Occupation, and Private Property in International Law (Oxford University Press)
1990 Digest of Japanese Practice in International Law, Part III: Territory (Co-Editor Keio Tsushin, Tokyo)
Surrender, Occupation and Private Property in International Law: A Critical Analysis of United States Practice in Japan (Oxford University Press, United Kingdom)
1989 "The Kokaryo Incident and International Law" pp. 240-279, in Festschrift für Kanae Taijudo (Toshindo, Tokyo)
1988 Digest of Japanese Practice in International Law, Part II: Restoration of Official Relations and Recognition of Governments (Co-Editor, Keio Tsushin, Tokyo)
"On the Work of the Human Rights Committee", pp. 41-46 Horitsu Jiho (December 1988)
Mr. T. Olusegun APATA (Nigeria)
[Biographical note will be issued as an addendum to the present document when received from nominating Government.]
Mr. Aboudou ASSOUMA (Togo)
I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Date of birth: born 1945 in Kara (Kozah)
Marital status: married, with four children
Higher education: Law and economics faculties, Toulon (France)
Bachelor of Law degree, 1975
Optional subject: Judicial functions
Training: 1975 to 1977 - National College of Magistrates, Paris. Diploma
II. POSITIONS HELD
1977 to 1981: Examining Magistrate, Lomé Court of Minor Jurisdiction
1981 to 1988: Senior Deputy Procurator
1988 to 1991 Government Procurator
1991 to 1993: Procurator General of the Appeal Court of Togo
Since 16 June 1993: Member of the Constitutional Division of the Supreme Court
III. OTHER ACTIVITIES
1986 to 1989: Member of the Togolese delegation to the forty-third, forty-fourth and forty-fifth sessions of the Commission on Human Rights, Geneva
1987 to 1989: Alternate expert member of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
1987 to 1993: First Vice-President of the National Commission for Human Rights
8 November 1993: President, National Commission for Human Rights
Founder of the Togolese Association for the Defence of Religious Freedom
Mr. Prafullachandra Natwarlal BHAGWATI (India)
I. PERSONAL DATA
Born 21 December 1921
Married, three children
II. EDUCATION
B.A. from Bombay University in 1941
LL.B. from Bombay University in 1945
III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Engaged in legal work, such as legal advice, opinion and arbitration work.
Practised law before the High Courts and the Supreme Court from 1948 to 1960.
Judge, High Court, Gujarat from 1960 to 1967
Chief Justice, Gujarat from 1967 to 1973
Judge, Supreme Court, India from 1973 to 1985
Chief Justice of India from 1985 to 1986
Professional organizations
Indian Arbitration Council
Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Permanent Court of Arbitration
Public service
Public activities such as providing legal resource and support to voluntary organizations working for the poor and the disadvantaged
International Labour Organisation - Member of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations since 1978
Member of the Executive Committee of Commonwealth Legal Education Association, London
Member of the Human Rights Committee of the International Law Association
Honorary Member of the Conference of Chief Justices of English-speaking African countries
A full listing of public activities of Mr. Bhagwati is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.
IV. HONOURS AND AWARDS
Award of the International Bar Association for Outstanding Contribution in the field of legal aid
Shrimani Award
Awarded Sir Jehangir Gandhi Medal by Xavier Labour Institute.
Awarded Doctor of Laws by the Andhra Pradesh University.
Vijay Ratna Award for Enriching Human Life and Outstanding Attainments
National Citizen's Award 1987 for his eminent contribution to jurisprudence
Honorary Fellow of Indian Association for Environment Management for outstanding contributions to the cause of environmental protection
Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award by Shiromani Institute for Excellence in Judiciary and Human Rights
Awarded Human Rights Par Excellence Award by Rotary International, New Delhi in April 1993.
Associated with
Baroda University
Bombay University
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Mr. Thomas BUERGENTHAL (United States of America)
Professor Thomas Buergenthal, a United States citizen, born in 1934, holds the Lobingier Chair in International and Comparative Law at the National Law Center of the George Washington University, Washington, D.C., and is the Director of its International Rule of Law Institute. He is also the President of the Administrative Tribunal of the Inter-American Development Bank.
He served as judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights from 1979 to 1991, and was its vice-president and president in the mid-1980s. In 1992-93, he served as Commissioner on the three-member United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador.
Buergenthal was the Dean of the American University School of Law, Washington, D.C. (1980-85), and has been a Professor of International Law at various other American universities, including the University of Texas (Austin), Emory University (Atlanta), and the State University of New York (Buffalo). He is the author of more than a dozen books and numerous articles on international law, human rights and comparative law subjects. Some of his writings have been translated into German, French, Spanish, Korean and Portuguese. He serves on the editorial boards of various professional journals, including The American Journal of International Law, Revue Universelle des Droits d'Homme, Europaische Grundrechte Zeitschrift, International Journal of Group Rights, and The Helsinki Monitor. Buergenthal has lectured at The Hague Academy of International Law and many other institutes and universities in different parts of the world.
He was the President of the Costa Rica-based Inter-American Institute of Human Rights (1980-92) and now serves as its honorary president. He is a member, inter alia, of the Kuratorium of the Max Planck Institute for Public International Law (Heidelberg), and of the Scientific Councils of the International Institute of Human Rights (Leiden). He is an honorary vice-president of the American Society of International Law; he served two terms as its vice-president and has been a member of its Executive Council on different occasions. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and of The American Law Institute.
Buergenthal has received the following academic degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bethany College, West Virginia; Doctor of Jurisprudence, New York University; Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science, Harvard Law School. He was awarded honorary doctorates in law by Bethany College and the University of Heidelberg in Germany. In May 1994, he will receive an honorary doctorate from the Free University in Brussels, Belgium. He is admitted to practise before the courts of the State of New York and the District of Columbia, as well as the United States Supreme Court.
Mrs. Christine CHANET (France)
I. HIGHER EDUCATION
Bachelor of Law degree: DES, Private Law
DES, Criminology
Lauréate, Faculty of Law, Paris
II. CIVIL SERVICE CAREER
1968: National College of Magistrates
1970: Deputy Procurator in the Central Administration of the Ministry of Justice
Member of the Committee on Crime of the Council of Europe
1974: Technical Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Status of Women
1976: Technical Adviser to the Secretary of State for Culture
1981: Chargée de mission, Legal Affairs Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1983: Deputy Director for Human Rights and International Criminal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1988: Technical Adviser, Office of the Minister of Justice
Secretary, Criminal Justice and Human Rights Commission
1992: Advocate General, Paris Appeal Court
III. UNITED NATIONS ACTIVITIES
1986-1990/
1990-1994: Member of the Human Rights Committee
1987-1991: Member of the Committee against Torture
IV. MISCELLANEOUS
Member of the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (France)
Member of INTERPOL's Commission on the Supervision of Justice
Member of the International Law Association
Member of the Extradition and Human Rights Group
Author of several articles in the Annuaire du droit international
Languages: English, French
Mr. Mamadi DIAWARA (Guinea)
I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Date and place of birth: 28 March 1944 at Hérémakono - Faranah (Republic of Guinea)
Nationality: Guinean
II. EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
1970: University studies: Masters degree in law (University of Conakry)
III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
1971-1973: Magistrate with extended jurisdiction
1974-1976: President of the Appeal Court
1977-1983: Government Procurator of the Court of Appeal
1983-1985: Government Procurator of the High Court of Cassation
1985-1986: Government Procurator of the Supreme Court
1987-1989: Deputy Secretary-General of the National Executive
1989-1991: Secretary-General of the Executive
1991-1992: Minister of Education, responsible for Higher Education and Scientific Research
Since 15 January 1993: Director of Political and Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
IV. SPECIAL MISSIONS
Participated in the drafting of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.
Represented the Government of Guinea at the settlement by the Arbitral Tribunal of The Hague of the "Guinea-Guinea-Bissau maritime frontier dispute".
Represented the Government of Guinea in the settlement by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) of the "Nominess Establissement v. Republic of Guinea" international maritime dispute.
Represented the Government of Guinea in the settlement by the International Chamber of Commerce of the "Geosurvey (R.F.A.) v. Republic of Guinea" dispute.
Represented the Government of Guinea in the settlement by ICSID of the "Atlantic Triton v. Repubic of Guinea" dispute.
A full list of missions undertaken by the candidate may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat.
V. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ACTIVITIES
From 1981 to 1983, introduced the annual report of the Republic of Guinea on observance of human rights, Commission on Human Rights, Geneva.
Participated in seminars held by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights.
Participated in OAU conferences: 1980, 1981, 1983.
Participated in General Conference of UNESCO: 1991.
Participated in Cotonou Summit Conference, 1993.
Member of the delegation of Guinea to the forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, 1993
A full list of the conferences in which the candidate has participated may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat.
Mrs. Ida-Denise DRAMMEH (The Gambia)
I. PERSONAL DATA
Profession: Barrister and Solicitor
Date of birth: 23 July 1958
Civil status: Divorced, one child
II. EDUCATION
1983-1984 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE, Cambridge University, England
Master of Laws
Thesis: Legal problems involved in setting up a securities market in a less developed country
1979-1980 NIGERIAN LAW SCHOOL, Lagos, Nigeria
Bar exams
1976-1979 UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, Nigeria
Bachelor of Laws
III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
1984-present Senior Partner in firm of Macaulay and Drameh
Engaged in litigation, writing opinions and giving advice to local and international clients.
1981-1982 Personal Assistant to Special Adviser of The Gambia Government on Constitutional and International Law
Involved in arranging and coordinating criminal cases arising out of attempted coup d'état in The Gambia in 1981.
Involved in international law matters arising in relation to the confederation Treaty between the Republic of Senegal and The Republic of The Gambia.
IV. OTHER ACTIVITIES
1985-present Law Research Officer with Law Reform Commission of The Gambia
Carrying out research on behalf of Commission on selected topics including the Legal Status of Women, Adoption, Maintenance of Children, Land Law and Tenure in The Gambia
1993-present Governor of Saint Joseph's High School
1990 Member of the Committee appointed to inquire into functioning of District Tribunals in The Gambia
V. PAPERS
Function and use of Pleadings in civil cases - Workshop on Continuing Legal Education, Banjul, The Gambia, November 1991
The Operation and Role of District Tribunals - Gambia Law Foundation, Basse, The Gambia, March 1992
Assisted in arranging material for Berthan Macaulay Q.C. writer of paper dealing with subject of Human Rights in Africa - African Bar Association Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 1980.
VI. SEMINARS AND/OR WORKSHOPS ATTENDED
Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability - Commonwealth Magistrates and Judges Association, November 1993
WIPO Regional Seminar on Patent Cooperation Treaty - October 1993
Regional Bar Association meetings
Women's Jurists and Legal Officer's Conference - Dakar, Senegal, 1984
Mr. Omran EL SHAFEI (Egypt)
Born in June 1925, widower with two daughters.
Graduated from Cairo University (1947) from Faculty of Political Science.
Graduated also from National Defence College, Nasser's Higher Military Academy (1967).
Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1948 and served in several posts in Egyptian embassies abroad including the posts of Counsellor of the Egyptian Permanent Mission to the United Nations (1961-1965) and the post of Minister Plenipotentiary in the Egyptian Embassy in London (1968-1972).
Appointed Ambassador of Egypt to Pakistan (1974-1976), the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations Office at Geneva (1976-1980).
During his tenure in Geneva, served, among others, as Representative of Egypt to the Commission on Human Rights and elected for two years as Vice-Chairman of the Commission.
Occupied a number of posts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs including the post of Director of the International Organizations Department and Director of the Political Planning Department.
Appointed Under Secretary of State (1980) and later Assistant Foreign Minister until his retirement (1985)
While in Cairo and Geneva, Ambassador El Shafei participated in the preparation of the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 1949.
He also served in his individual capacity as a member and Chairman of the United Nations Advisory Board on Arms Control and Security Matters (1978-1990).
He has been a member of the Human Rights Committee since 1987 and Vice-Chairman of the Committee for the last three years.
Ambassador El Shafei served as a member of the Higher Administrative Tribunal (Conseil d'Etat) for three years (1991-1993) nominated by a decree of the Minister of Justice from a list of public personalities.
At present, Ambassador El Shafei performs the following functions:
- Vice-Chairman of the Egyptian United Nations Association
- Member of the Board of Administration of the Egyptian Red Crescent Society, responsible for the Society's international relations
- Member of the Egyptian Pugnash society and of the Egyptian Charter of the International Development Society
- Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee of the World Federation of United Nations Associations
- Vice-President of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and Peace
- Lectures at the Diplomatic Institute of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
Ambassador El Shafei is holder of the following orders:
Order of Merit - First Class - Egypt (1979)
Order of the Republic Egypt (1978)
Ordre National de Merit Italy (1982)
Ordre National de Merit - France (1983)
Order of Honour - Grand Commandor - (Greece, 1984)
Ordre National - Commandor - Republic of Mali
Ordre de Merit - Grand Officier République Centre Africaine
Mr. Cornelis FLINTERMAN (Netherlands)
I. EDUCATION
LL.M. Degree, University of Leyden, The Netherlands (1969)
LL.M. Degree, University of Virginia, United States of America (1971)
Visiting Scholar, Yale Law School, United States of America (1973)
Ph.D. Degree, University of Leyden, The Netherlands (1981)
II. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
(Senior) lecturer in law (comparative and constitutional law), Leyden University, 1969-1970, 1971-1974, 1976-1978
Visiting lecturer in law (comparative and constitutional law), University of Ghana, 1974-1976
Research associate of the Ghana Law Reform Commission, 1974-1976
Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Legal and Social Affairs Division, The Hague, 1979-1981
Professor of Law (constitutional and international law), University of Limburg, the Netherlands, 1982-present
(1984-1986 Dean of the Faculty of Law)
(1986-1991 Chairman of the International Law Department)
(1991-1993 Chairman Board of Directors, Research Institute, Faculty of Law)
(1992-present Co-director of the University of Limburg Research Centre of Human Rights)
III. MEMBERSHIPS
Present:
Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Human Rights and Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Member of the Advisory Council of the African Center for Democracy and Human Rights Studies, Banjul, the Gambia
Member of the Editorial Board of the Netherlands International Law Review
Member of the Social Sciences Committee of the National UNESCO Commission for the Netherlands
Member of the Advisory Board of the Netherlands' Foundation for Health and Human Rights
Member of the Board of the Foundation Netherlands Institute for Human Rights (SIM, Utrecht)
Member of the Board of the Foundation Netherlands Helsinki Committee
Member of the Editorial committee of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidsrecht (Netherlands Review of Health Law)
Member of the Advisory Committee on Questions of Public International Law of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Past (among others):
Alternate member of the Sub-commission for the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities (1986-1991)
Member of the Editorial Board of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Rechten van de Mens (Netherlands Review of Human Rights) (1982-1990)
Vice-Chairman of the forty-ninth session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1993)
Head of the delegation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the forty-ninth and fiftieth sessions of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1993 and 1994) and the World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
IV. OTHER PAST AND PRESENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Past (among others):
Guest-lectures at the Universities of Poznan (Poland), Warsaw (Poland), Den Pasar (Indonesia), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Accra (Ghana), Lancaster (United Kingdom), Willemstad (Netherlands Antilles), Cincinnati (United States of America) and at the René Cassin Institute (Strasbourg, France) and Asser College Europe (The Hague)
External examiner: University of Lancaster (United Kingdom) (1987-1990), University of Ghana (Accra, Ghana) (1986-1989)
Present (among others):
Member of the African Society of International and Comparative Law, American Society of International Law, International Law Association, Netherlands Association of International Law, Netherlands Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, Netherlands Lawyers Association, German Association for African Law, Association of Alumni of The Hague Academy of International Law and of other professional associations
Substitute-judge at the District Court of Maastricht
V. PUBLICATIONS
Books/reports:
De Act of State Doctrine (doctoral dissertation, 1981), Antwerpen, 1981
Human Rights in Ghana, Utrecht, 1985
Articles:
Articles, reports, etc. on issues of (comparative) constitutional law, international law, law of international organizations and international human rights law in various Dutch and non-Dutch journals and books
Co-editor of a number of books on topics of international law, in particular on the international protection of human rights.
Mr. Komi Bouwemenda GNONDOLI (Togo)
I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Date and place of birth: 1958 at Lassa-Houdé (KOZAH)
Nationality: Togolese
Sex: Male
Marital status: Married
Occupation: Judge, grade 3, step 3 Principal Private Secretary to the Minister for Human Rights
II. EDUCATION
University studies:
College of Administrative and 1981-1983: Law degree, third
Legal Studies (ESACJ) certificate
1983-1984: Master's degree in Law
Postgraduate studies:
National College of Administration 1985-1987: Third stage diploma
(ENA) Course subject: Judicial service
HURIDOCS Network June 1990: Human rights information certificate
International Institute of Human July 1991: Human rights teaching
Rights, Strasbourg and research certificate
July 1993: Diploma in international human rights law and comparative law
International Labour Office August 1991: Course at ILO in
Geneva
A full list of educational distinctions and fellowships is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.
III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
National Commission for Human Rights May 1989 to June 1991: Assistant
(CNDH) Administrative Secretary and delegate of CNDH with national responsibilities
Ministry of Human Rights Since January 1991: Principal Private Secretary to the Minister for Human Rights
African Commission on Human and March to April 1993: Head of
Peoples' Rights the Togolese delegation to the thirteenth regular session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
United Nations Commission on January to March 1994: Alternate
Human Rights member of the Togolese delegation to the fiftieth session of the Commission on Human Rights
Languages: French and English
Mr. Said Arébi HAFIANA (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)
Present position: President of the Tripoli Court of Appeal
University studies: Bachelor of Law degree, Law Faculty of Garyounis University, Benghazi, 1967
Postgraduate diploma in public law, Faculty of Law and Economic Science, Montpellier (France)
Professional career: 1979 to 1984, Libyan Ambassador to France
1984 to 1988, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs
Conference and other activities:
Member of the Libyan delegation to the Conference on Human Rights in Africa, Banjul, 1980
Head of the Libyan delegation to the Elkods Committee meetings, Fez, 1981
Member of the Libyan delegation to the Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned Countries, Harare, 1986
Member of the Libyan delegation to the Conference of African Heads of State, Addis Ababa, 1987
Head of the Libyan delegation to the meeting of Ministers for Foreign Affairs to make preparations for the Arab Summit Conference, Algiers, 1989
Head of the Libyan delegation to the Conference of Ministers of Justice of States Members of the United Nations, Paris, 1991
Head of the Libyan delegation (preparation and submission of Libya's supplementary report), to the Committee against Torture, 1991, 1992, 1993
Representative and head of delegation of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the Commission on Human Rights, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
Representative of the Jamahiriya on the Commission for the preparation of the Arab Charter of Human Rights
Head of the Libyan delegation to the meeting of Arab Ministers of Justice held to consider the draft Arab Charter of Human Rights, Cairo, 1993
Deputy Head of the Libyan delegation to the World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 1993
Member of the Libyan delegation to the Conference of African Heads of State, Cairo, 1993
Chairman of the political and juridical committee appointed to consider the problem of Libyan prisoners of war in Chad
Member of the Libyan delegation to the forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, 1993
Publications and research:
Papers on political, economic, social and cultural rights in Africa presented at the Banjul Conference, 1980
"Les pays en voie de développement face aux nouvelles données du nouvel ordre international" (Magazines d'études stratégiques, Beirut, 1990)
"Conflits des lois et des systems juridiques (Cadre natural de règlement du problème de 'Lockerbie')", a legal study published in Beirut (El Safir), 1990
"The historical roots of Islamic religious movements. Study of the phenomena of rejection of and revolt against established systems in Arab-Islamic history" (a series of lectures given to students of the Islamic Science Faculty, Tripoli, Libya)
Human rights: discussion - author of principles and compilation of practices (studies in Arabic that were the subject of a lecture to the Human Rights Committee), Libya, 1993
Mr. Kurt HERNDL (Austria)
At present a member of the Human Rights Committee (term of office expires 31 December 1994)
Born 8 November 1932 in Villach, Austria
I. EDUCATION
Baccalaureat, 1950; University of Innsbruck, Law Faculty, 1950-1956, LL.D., 1956. Postgraduate studies at the Law Faculty of the University of Paris (worked with Charles Rousseau, Paul Reuter and Suzanne Bastid), 1959-1960; participated in the Study and Research Centre of The Hague Academy of International Law (with Professors Charlier and Bedia), 1960 and 1962
II. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Assistant lecturer in International Law, Law Faculty, University of Innsbruck, 1956-1962; entered the Austrian Foreign Service, 1962; member of the staff of the Office of the Legal Adviser, Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna, 1962-1965; Deputy Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations Office and the Specialized Agencies in Geneva, 1965-1969; seconded to the United Nations Secretariat, New York, 1969; Director, Security Council and Political Committees Division, United Nations, New York, 1969-1975; Director, Executive Office of the Secretary-General, United Nations, New York, 1975-1977; re-entered the Austrian Foreign Service, 1977, Ambassador. Legal Adviser of the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna, 1977-1982; again seconded to the United Nations Secretariat, Geneva, 1982; Head of the United Nations Centre for Human Rights with the rank of Assistant Secretary-General, 1982-1987; re-entered the Austrian Foreign Service, 1987; Director, International Organizations Division, Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna, and Deputy to the Director-General for Political Affairs, 1988-1989; Ambassador to Canada, 1989-1993; Special Adviser to the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs for the World Conference on Human Rights, 1993. Currently serving as a member of the EFTA Court based in Geneva
Participated in numerous United Nations meetings and plenipotentiary conferences as adviser, delegate and later head of delegation, representative of the Secretary-General or Committee Secretary, inter alia, the Security Council (1969-1976), 22 sessions of the General Assembly, 10 sessions of ECOSOC, 10 sessions of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, the United Nations Conference on Consular Relations (1963), the United Nations Conference on State Succession in Respect of Treaties (1977-1978), the Conference on the Drafting of a Constitution for UNIDO (1977-1978) and the World Conference on Human Rights (1993)
Attended numerous meetings of the International Labour Organisation, the World Health Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, the Intergovernmental Committee on Migration, the Council of Europe, the European Conference on Nuclear Research (CERN), the Executive Committee of UNHCR, the Legal Sub-Committee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
III. SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES
Director of Studies (together with Antonio Cassese) of the Study and Research Centre of The Hague Academy of International Law (subject: the Legal Issues of Peace-Keeping), 1975, lectured annually at the Vienna Seminar on Peace-Keeping organized by the International Peace Academy, New York, 1977-1991; lectured at The Hague Academy of International Law, 1985 (one of the main courses, topic: the Role, Functions and Procedures of the Security Council of the United Nations), (see: Recueil des Cours, Tome 206 (1987/VI)); lectured at the Diplomatic Academy, Vienna on the sources of international law, 1981, and on the laws and procedures of international organizations, 1988
IV. SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Acted as agent for the Austrian Government in all human rights cases brought against Austria before the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights between 1977 and 1982; served as United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, directing the United Nations Centre for Human Rights 1982-1987, was elected member of the Human Rights Committee in 1990
V. PUBLICATIONS
Published a number of books and articles on topics of international law, the list of which may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent publications concerning human rights and related issues:
"The Role of the United Nations in the Development of Human Rights", in Bulletin of Human Rights, No. 86/2 (1986), pp. 1-6
"Recent Developments concerning United Nations Fact-finding in the Field of Human Rights", in Fortschritt im Bewusstsein der Grund- und Menschenrechte, Festschrift für Felix Ermacora, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington, 1987, pp. 1-35
"Die Menschenrechte in der Welt von Hente", in 23. Jahrbuch der Diplomatischen Akademie, Vienna, 1987-1988, pp. 77-84
"Reflections on the Role, Functions and Procedures of the Security Council". Recueil des Cours, vol. 206 (1987-VI), pp. 289-395
"Die Vereinten Nationen und die Menschenrechte - Anspruch und Wirklichkeit", in Die Vereinten Nationen und Österreich, vol. 38 (1989), No. 1-2
"The 'forgotten' competences of the Security Council", in Verantwortung in unserer Zeit, Festschrift für Rudolf Kirschlaeger, Vienna, 1990, pp. 83-92
"Bemerkungen zur Effektivität des Menschenrechtsschutzsystems der Vereinten Nationen", in: Menschenrechte als politischer Auftrag, ed. Dr. Heinrich Neisser, Serie Focus, vol. 7, Vienna, 1993, pp. 155-166
Mr. Zdzislaw KEDZIA (Poland)
I. PERSONAL DATA
Born: Radom (Poland), 2 July 1943
Nationality: Polish
Family status: Married, one daughter
II. DEGREES
Professor of Law
III. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Present position
Since 1991 - Minister-Counsellor, Permanent Mission of the Republic of Poland to the United Nations Office at Geneva
Diplomatic career
1989-1991 - Adviser to the Minister of Foreign Affairs on human rights
1990-1991 - Head, Human Rights Section, Legal Department of the Foreign Ministry, Warsaw
1990-1991 - Representative of Poland to the Steering Committee for Human Rights of the Council of Europe
1991-1993 - Rapporteur, Preparatory Committee to the World Conference on Human Rights
1992-1993 - Vice-Chairman of the Council of Europe Ad Hoc Committee dealing with the preparation to the World Conference on Human Rights
1992 - Head, Polish delegation to the forty-eighth session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Geneva
1993 - General Rapporteur, United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna
1993 - Rapporteur, forty-ninth session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
1993 - Expert, Polish delegation, forty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly, Third Committee, New York
1993 - Chairman, Drafting Committee of the Working Group on the Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (established by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights)
Since 1992 - Alternate Member, Venice Commission "Democracy through Law", Council of Europe
Academic career
Since 1973 - Institute of Legal Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences; since 1992 full Professor; 1981-1991 Director of the Poznan Human Rights Centre; (on temporary leave since 1991)
1966-1973 - Assistant and subsequently Assistant Professor of Constitutional Law and Political Sciences, Adam-Mickiewicz University, Poznan (Poland)
1969-1970 - Postgraduate studies in public law, University of Zurich
1982-1983 - Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, research in human rights law in the Max-Planck Institute for Foreign Public Law and International Public Law, Heidelberg
1988-1991 - Coordinator of the research project "The Theoretical Foundations of the Individual's Rights, Freedoms and Duties in the Future Polish Constitution", Poznan (Poland)
1989-1992 - Vice President of the Polish Section of the International Association of Constitutional Law
1983-1993 - Series of lectures at universities in Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland
1989 - Independent expert at the "round table" talks between the Government and the Trade Union Solidarnosc, Warsaw
Since 1989 - Expert of the Polish Parliament (human rights, constitutional law); expert of the parliamentary Constitutional Commission
Since 1987 - Expert to the Commissioner for Citizens' Rights (Polish Ombudsman)
Since 1993 - Member of the Curatorium and Lecturer at the Institute for German and European Law on Political Parties (Hagen University, Germany)
Editorial activities
Co-editor of the All-European Human Rights Yearbook (together with P. Leuprecht and M. Nowak), J.P. Engel Publishers
Editor of the journal "Human Rights. Documents" (in Polish and in English)
Membership
Polish Section of the International Law Association
Polish Section of the International Association of Constitutional Law
Polish Section of the International Commission of Jurists
Chairman, Board of the Foundation "Human Rights Promotion: Teaching and Research" (Poland)
Awards
1991 - Award of the Bruno Kreisky Foundation for the Poznan Human Rights Centre for the achievements in the field of human rights
Teaching subjects
International Human Rights Law, Comparative and Domestic Human Rights Law, Constitutional Law
IV. MAJOR RECENT PUBLICATIONS
Books, monographs
1. Die Rechtsstellung von Ausländern nach polnischem Recht, in: The Legal Position of Aliens in National and International Law, (ed. J.A. Frowein, Th. Stein), vol. II, 1987
2. Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen in the new Polish Constitution (Editor), 1990 (in Polish); author of (i) The Constitutional Concept of Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen, (ii) Criteria for the Construction of the Constitutional Catalogue of Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen, (iii) Principles of the Catalogue of Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen
3. Human Rights. The Legal Model. Studies in International and Comparative Law, (ed. R. Wieruszewski), 1992, (in Polish); author of: (i) Right to Life, (ii) Freedom of Movement, (iii) The Right to Protection against Arbitrary Expulsion, (iv) The Right to Protection by the State Abroad
4. Status of Deputies. International Loans, (Editor), 1992; author of: The Legal Status of a deputy to the Sejm (the Polish Diet)
5. Das Parteienrecht in den zentral- und osteuropäischen Ländern, (ed. Z. Kędzia, D. Tsatsos), 1994, author of: (i) Das Parteienrecht in Polen, (ii) with D. Tsatsos, Gesammtwürdigung
Main articles and essays
A full listing of articles and essays written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:
An East European Perspective of an All-European System of Human Rights Protection, in: Perspectives of an All-European System of Human Rights Protection. The Role of the Council of Europe, the CSCE, and the European Communities, ed. Z. Kędzia, A. Korula, M. Nowak; All-European Human Rights Yearbook vol. 1, ed. Z. Kędzia, P. Leuprecht, M. Nowak, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington 1991, pp. 157-174
The implementation of Social and Economic Rights in Central and Eastern European Countries, in: The Implementation of Economic and Social Rights. National, International and Comparative Aspects, ed. F. Matscher, Schriften des Oesterreichischen Instituts für Menschenrechte, vol. 3, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington 1991, pp. 237-266
The Place of Human Rights Treaties in the Polish Legal Order, European Journal of International Law, 1982, No. 1
The European Convention on Human Rights and Polish Law, in: Der Schutz der Menschenrechte. Materialien aus dem IX. Deutsch-Polnischen Kolloquium, 1992
The Implementation of International Human Rights Agreements in Poland, in: The relationship between international and domestic law, European Commission for Democracy through Law, Council of Europe, 1993
V. CONSULTANCIES
Numerous expert opinions for different bodies. In 1989, inter alia, a study on "The legal aspects of accession to the European Convention on Human Rights by non-member States of the Council of Europe", for the Legal Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe - AS/Jur (42)4.
VI. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
(major recent conferences)
1. Organizer of the International Conference "All-European Human Rights Protection" in cooperation with the Council of Europe (Poznan 1990)
2. Participation in conferences organized by the Council of Europe: "Universality of Human Rights" (1989) and "Human Rights at the Dawn of the XXI Century" (1993) - chairman of one of three working groups
3. UNESCO Conference "Education for Democracy and Human Rights" (Montreal, 1993) - chairman of one of three working groups
4. Organizer of the International Seminar on Academic Freedom (Poznan 1993 - satellite meeting to the World Conference on Human Rights)
5. World Conference on Human Rights (Vienna, 1993) - General Rapporteur and Vice Chairman of the Polish Delegation
Mr. Eckart KLEIN (Germany)
1943 Born in Oppeln/Upper Silesia
1949-1962 Attendance of school in Karlsruhe
1962-1963 National Service
1963-1964 Language studies in Paris
1964-1968 Law student at the Universities of Freiburg/Brsg., Göttingen, Lausanne and Heidelberg
1968 Law Degree
1971 Bar Examination
1969-1971 Assistant, Max-Planck Institute for Comparative Public and Public International Law, Heidelberg
1972-1976 Assistant, Faculty of Law, University of Heidelberg
1973 Doctorate in Jurisprudence (University of Heidelberg)
1974-1976 Law Clerk at the Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe
1976-1981 Research Fellow at the Max-Planck Institute for Comparative Public and Public International Law, Heidelberg
1980-1981 Associate Professor. Faculty of Law, University of Mainz
Since 1981 Professor of Public Law, Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mainz
1984-1994 Judge at the Higher Administrative Court of Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz
Since 1987 Member, Arbitration Tribunal and Mixed Commission (under the German External Debts Treaty)
Since 1991 Member of the European Court of Arbitration, Strasbourg
1991 Guest Professor at the University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America (September 1991)
1991-1992 Guest Professor at Sorbonne University Paris III
Since 1992 Deputy Member of the Constitutional Court of the Land Bremen
1994 Nominated to the Chair of Constitutional Law, Public International Law and European Law at the University of Potsdam; Director of the first German Human Rights Centre
Member, inter alia, of the International Law Association, American Society of International Law, Society of German Constitutional Lawyers, German Society of Public International Law, International Commission of Jurists
Married since 1969, three children
List of selected published writings
A full listing of articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:
The United Nations and the right of self-determination, in: Blumenwitz/Meissner (ed.), The Right of National Self-Determination and the German Question, 1984
Protection of individual rights in the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with violations of the human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined in the European Human Rights Convention, in: Mahrenholz/Hilf/Klein, The Development of Human Rights within the States of the Council of Europe, 1987
Human rights of the third generation, in: C. Stark (ed.), Rights, Institutions and Impact of International Law according to the German Basic Law, 1987
The position in international law - human rights in the States of the Warsaw Pact, German Bundestag Document 11/1344
International human rights obligations of the GDR, in: G. Brunner (ed.), Human Rights in the GDR, 1989
The philosophy and implementation of minority protection, in: Reaffirmation and Development of Human Rights and Ethnic Group Rights in Central Europe, 1991
Mr. David KRETZMER (Israel)
I. PERSONAL DATA
1943 Born in Johannesburg, South Africa
1963 Immigrated to Israel
Present position
Louis Marshall Professor of Environmental Law and Director, Center for Human Rights, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
II. EDUCATION
1967 LL.B. (with distinction), Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1972 LL.M. (with distinction), Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1975 Dr. Jur., York University, Toronto, Canada
Doctoral Thesis: Aims and Functions of the Tort System of Loss Allocation
III. PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND
1966-1967 Clerk with Justice Z. Berinson, Israel Supreme Court
1967-1968 Clerk with firm of Yigal Arnon, Jerusalem
Teaching Assistant to Professor A. Barak
1968 Accepted as member of Israel Bar
1969-1972 Part-time teacher, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University
1970-1972 Advocate with D.M. Schlosberg, Advocates, Tel-Aviv, Israel
1972-1974 Doctoral Candidate, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, Canada
1975-1978 Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1976 Appointed to Louis Marshall Chair of Environmental Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1978 Appointed Senior Lecturer (with tenure), Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1978-1979 Fellow, Center for Advanced Engineering Studies, M.I.T., Cambridge, Massachussetts
Faculty member, Energy Impacts Project, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, M.I.T.
1979 (Summer) Consultant, Office of Policy and Planning, E.P.A., Washington, D.C.
1979 (Fall) David Ben-Gurion Visiting Professor, Law Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
1981-1984 Vice-Dean for Students' Affairs, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1984-1985 David Ben-Gurion Visiting Professor, Law Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
1984 Associate Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1989 (Fall) Visiting Professor, Tulane Law School, New Orleans
1990 (Spring) Academic Visitor, University College, Oxford
1991 Full Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1991 Member, Standing Committee of the Senate, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Subjects taught at University: Contracts, Torts, Environmental Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Human Rights
IV. PUBLIC ACTIVITIES
1972 Founding member, Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI)
1981-1982 Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI
1986-1987 Co-Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI
1987-1989 Vice-Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI
1990-1992 Chairperson of Executive Board, ACRI
1986-1990 Legal Commentator, "Jerusalem Post"
1990- Contributing editor, "Jerusalem Report"
V. RESEARCH GRANTS
1990 Ford Foundation Grant for research on: The Supreme Court of Israel's Jurisprudence on the Occupied Territories
VI. PUBLICATIONS
April, 1993
A. Books
The Rights of the Disabled in Israel - Proposals for Reform (together with U. Procaccia and A.L. Miller, Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, Jerusalem, 1979) (in Hebrew)
Nuisances (Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, Jerusalem, 1980) (in Hebrew)
Assault and False Imprisonment (Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law, Jerusalem, 1980) (in Hebrew)
The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel (Westview Press, 1990)
B. Articles
A full listing of articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:
The influence of first amendment jurisprudence on judicial decision-making in Israel, in: The Constitutional Bases of Political and Social Change in the United States (S. Slonim, ed., Praeger, 1990), 295-313
The constitutional and legal status of freedom of speech in Israel, in Israeli Reports to the XIII International Congress of Comparative Law (ed., C. Fassberg), 1990, 120-142
Public law, in: 40 Years of the Israeli Legal System (1990) 24 Is.L. Rev., 341-355
The new basic laws on human rights: a mini-revolution in Israeli Constitutional Law? (1992) 26 Is.L. Rev., 238-246
Political agreements - a critical introduction, (1992) 26 Is.L. Rev., 407-437
Racial incitement in Israel, (1993) 22 Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 243-259
Judicial review over demolition and sealing of houses in the Occupied Territories, in: Klinghoffer Book on Public Law (ed. I. Zamir, Jerusalem, 1993), 305-357
Mr. Maïnassara MAIDAGI (Niger)
I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Born: 1949
Married: Five children
Occupation:Judge
II. ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
October 1974: Certificate of Legal Studies
June 1976: Diploma of General University Studies (D.E.U.G.)
June 1977: Bachelor of Law degree
June 1978: Master of Law degree (Judiciary)
June 1980: Diploma of the National College of Magistrates, Paris (France)
III. POSITIONS HELD
July 1980: Presiding Judge, Zinder Court
September 1981: Presiding Judge, Tahoua Court
October 1984: Presiding Judge, Maradi Court
October 1986: Presiding Judge, Niamey Court
October 1988: Senior Judge, Niamey Appeal Court
March 1990: Legal Adviser to the Prime Minister
Since August 1990: Presiding Judge, Niamey Appeal Court
17 January 1992 to 31 March 1993 (while Presiding Judge of the Niamey Appeal Court) Chairman of the commission appointed to prepare the Basic Texts (established following the Sovereign National Conference)
25 August 1992 to 31 March 1993 (while Chairman of the commission appointed to prepare the Basic Texts) Permanent Secretary of the National Commission for Control and Supervision of the Constitutional Referendum and Conduct of Elections
Member of the Bureau (Foreign Relations Secretary) of the Niger Association for the Defence of Human Rights. As such, participated in the Constituent Congress of the Inter-African Union for Human Rights, held at Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).
IV. SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS AND MEETINGS
Seminar-workshop on preparation and submission of national reports called for under the various international human rights conventions, Dakar (Senegal)
Training course on the development of national strategies and machinery for promoting and protecting human rights in Africa, Banjul (Gambia)
International development seminar on the topic "Programme to support democracy", Quebec (Canada)
Nominated by the Government of the Republic of Niger for inclusion in the list of arbitrators maintained by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
A full list of the seminars and workshops in which the candidate has participated is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.
Mrs. Cecilia MEDIAN QUIROGA (Chile)
I. EDUCATION
1953-1958 Faculty of Law, University of Chile, Santiago
1958 Bachelor's Degree in Law and Social Science (Highest honours)
1958-1959 Legal practice (Civil Law)
1959 Appointed as attorney to the Supreme Court of Chile
1971 Certificate in the Methodology of Legal Research and Teaching, Institute of Legal Teaching and Research, Santiago, Chile
1979 Tenth study session, International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France
1979 Seventh study session at the International Training Centre for University Teaching of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France
1982 Thirteenth study session, International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France
1986-1987 Women's leadership training course at ISIS, Amsterdam, Netherlands
1988 Doctorate in International Law, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
II. LANGUAGES
Spanish: Mother tongue
English: Fluent (active and passive)
Dutch: Good (active and passive)
French: Good (passive); poor (active)
III. ACADEMIC WORK
1993 Lecturer in public international law, Faculty of Law, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
1992 Guest lecturer in international human rights law, School of Law, University of Chile
1992-1993 Director and lecturer, advanced training course in international human rights law for students in the faculties of law of Santiago and Concepción, the former organized by the Institute of Human Rights of the University of Utrecht (Netherlands), Diego Portales University and Andrés Bello University, and the latter by the same institutions and the University of Concepción
1992 Director and lecturer, course in international human rights law for judges and advocates (Montevideo, (Uruguay); Valparaíso, Valdivia and Antofagasta (Chile))
1991 Organizer, associate academic director and lecturer, course in international human rights law held at the Hague for South American judges and advocates, under the auspices of the Academy of International Law of the Hague and the Netherlands Human Rights Institute
1991 Consultant of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs for three human rights projects in Colombia (human rights in formal education and human rights at the local level)
1991- Lecturer in international human rights law at Diego Portales University
1990 Director and lecturer, courses for international human rights judges and advocates, Buenos Aires and Tucumán (Argentina); Santiago, Concepción and Valparaíso (Chile). Human Rights Institute of the University of Utrecht
1989-1990 Guest lecturer at the International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France
1988 Guest lecturer at the University of Lund, Sweden
1986-1990 Guest lecturer, international law programme and human rights programme, Institute of Social Studies, the Hague, Netherlands
1989- SIM (Netherlands Human Rights Institute), Faculty of Law, University of Utrecht, Netherlands - lecturing and research
1980-1988 Europa Instituut, Faculty of Law, University of Utrecht, Netherlands: teaching and research (international economic organizations, human rights)
1971-1973 Assistant lecturer in constitutional law, Faculty of Law, University of Chile, Santiago
1967-1970 Assistant lecturer in constitutional law in the same faculty
1966-1967 Assistant in constitutional law, same faculty
IV. OTHER ACTIVITIES
1977-1980 Research work at the Instituto para el Nuevo Chile, Rotterdam, Netherlands
1977 Research work in the Hispanic division of the law library, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., United States of America
1976-1977 Legal adviser, Institute for the Development of Indian Law, Washington, D.C., United States of America
1974 Latin American Council of Social Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1971-1973 Acting secretary and recording officer, Constitutional Court of Chile
1959-1970 Private practice as advocate
V. PUBLICATIONS
A full listing of books and articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:
Cuadernos de Análisis Jurídico, No. 25, Serie Seminarios, 1993, School of Law, Diego Portales University, April 1993. El Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, C. Medina (Coordinator), School of Law, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.
"Do international human rights laws protect women?", in: Joanna Kerr (ed.), Ours by Right, Women's Rights as Human Rights, ZED Books in association with the North-South Institute, 1993, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 78-81.
C. Medina (editor), SIM Special No. 13, Training Course on International Human Rights Law, Selected Lectures, Peace Palace, the Hague, 16 September-4 October 1991.
"The right of individual petition. Some problems of law and practice", in ibid.
C. Medina (Coordinator), Cuadernos de Análisis Jurídico, No. 26, Curso de Entrenamiento en Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, Conferencias Escogidas, Peace Palace, the Hague, 16 September-4 October 1991, 1993.
Spanish translation of "The right of individual petition. Some problems of law and practice", in ibid., pp. 149-167.
Since 1988, contributor to the "Human Rights News" section (inter-American system), of the Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights.
Member of the Editorial Council of the Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights.
Forthcoming publications:
"Towards a more effective guarantee of the enjoyment of human rights by women in the inter-American system", paper presented at a seminar held at the University of Toronto, Canada, from 31 August to 2 September 1992, to form a chapter of a volume in the University of Pennsylvania Press Book Series on Human Rights, in 1993.
"The International Human Rights Machinery: A Stock-taking", paper presented at a seminar organized by the American University in Washington, D.C., on 6 and 7 April 1992.
Mr. Seyved Mostafa MOHAGHEGH DAMAD (Islamic Republic of Iran)
I. PERSONAL DATA
Place of birth: Qum
Date of birth: 1945
Married with 5 children
II. EDUCATION
Completion of Theological Seminary in Islamic Jurisprudence Degree (Mujtahed)
Law and Islamic Philosophy in the University of Tehran
International Public Law, Ph.D. level of Levan University of Belgium, Thesis: "Protection of individuals in time of armed conflict under international and Islamic laws"
III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Senior Judge - Judicial Rank II
University Professor and Head of the Group of Law
Head of the General Inspectorate Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Head of the Committee for regulating judicial bills of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Head of Department of the Islamic Science and Culture of the Academy of Iran
Head of the S.A.M.T., an academic group for studies and investigation on law books
Head of the Department of Law, University of lecturers' training
Member of the Committee for Civil Law
Member of the Council for Cultural Studies and Investigation
Member of the High Council of Imam Khomeini's International University
Member of the Scientific Council of the Grand Islamic Encyclopaedia
Member of the High Council of Selection of Lecturers for Universities
Member of the Trusteeship Corps of the Universities of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Member of the Corps of Experienced Experts
Member of the High Council of Cultural Studies and Investigation Institute
Member of General Culture Institute of Iran
Member of the Scientific Corps for granting honorary doctorates
IV. PUBLICATIONS
Compiled more than 10 books on law, philosophy and religion with the following titles:
Series on Uslul-Al-Figh in Farsi - 3 volumes
Principles on Figh - 2 volumes
Family Law - 1 volume
Juridical Analysis of Bequest - 1 volume
Juridical Analysis of Redemption - 1 volume
Juridical Analysis of Pre-emption - 1 volume
Comparative studies on Islamic Philosophy (translated from English) - 1 volume
Evolution of the Alive (translated from English) - 1 volume
Public International Law of Islam (translated from English) - 2 volumes
Development of Philosophy in the World of Islam (translated from English) - 1 volume
More than 30 essays on philosophy, law and religion as follows:
Concept of Islamic Humanitarian Law, in Farsi
Compliance with International Human Law, in Farsi
Ali (AS's) Views on Humanistic Law, in Farsi
Islamic Call, asking all religions to consider the humanistic honour
Religious Minorities in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Religious Tolerance and Universal Brotherhood in Islam
V. CONFERENCES
Has taken part in many international conferences such as:
Judicial conferences, Karachi and Kualampur; Conference on Human Rights, Hamburg and Tehran; Conference on Religions in Malta, Milan, Levan; Conference on Understanding Shiah at Temple University, Philadelphia
Languages: Proficient in English, Arabic, Farsi and fairly familiar with the French language
Mr. Abdalla Idris MOHAMMED (Sudan)
I. PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: 1 January 1946
Civil status: married with children
II. EDUCATION
1965-1970 Faculty of Law
1974-1977 Yale Law School
1970 LL.B. (Honours) Khartoum
1973 LL.M. Khartoum
1975 LL.M. Yale Law School
1977 J.S.D. Yale Law School
III. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
1974-1977 Teaching assistant, University of Khartoum
1977-1984 Lecturer
1984-1991 Assistant professor
1993 up to now Associate professor
1980-1983 Head, Department of Commercial Law
1983-1987 Dean, Faculty of Law
1970-1971 Legal Assistant, Sudan Judiciary
1971-1972 2nd Class Magistrate, Sudan Judiciary
1972-1974 1st Class Magistrate, Sudan Judiciary
1986-1988 Chairman, Legal Aid Centre (Kh.)
1987-1988 Chairman, Human Rights Centre (Kh.)
1989 Member of Sudanese Government delegation to peace talks with SPLA, Ethiopia
1990 Member of Sudanese Government delegation to peace talks with SPLA, Nigeria
1992/1993 Minister of Justice, Attorney General
IV. RESEARCH VISITS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES
July 1981 Twelfth session of the University human rights course - Strasbourg, France
July 1983 Courses on American and International Law, Academy of American and International Law
1984 Courses on American Legal Institutions - Salzburg, Austria
1986-1987 Scholar in Residence, University of Madison, Wisconsin
1987 Courses in human rights, Columbia Law School, New York
1986 Short WIPO-sponsored research visits on Intellectual Property Law to Max Planck Institute at Munich in July and November
V. PUBLICATIONS
1980 The use of the corporate form of business organization in Sudan
1980 Stipulations for the benefit of third parties in Islamic Law of Contracts, Journal of the Centre for Islamic Legal Studies, Nigeria
1980 Cases and materials on sale of goods, Faculty of Law, University of Khartoum
1982 Human Rights in Islam, Journal of Comparative Law (U.S.A.)
1984 Cases and materials on partnership
1985 Relevance of Sudan Legal Education to development law and development studies
Mr. Birame NDIAYE (Senegal)
I. EDUCATION
Baccalauréat (Philosophy), 1962
Bachelor's degree in Public Law, 1966, University of Lille
Graduate Studies Diploma in Public Law, 1967
Graduate Studies Diploma in Political Science, 1969
Diploma of the Institute of Human Rights and Comparative Law, Strasbourg, 1975
State Doctorate in Public Law, 1973, University of Bordeaux; thesis defended on 3 July 1973.
II. POSITIONS HELD
Supervisor of work carried out under direction at Lille, 1968-1969;
Assistant, Faculty of Legal and Economic Science, University of Dakar, October 1969 to October 1972;
Assistant, Centre for Black Africa Studies, Political Research Institute, University of Bordeaux;
Research attaché at CNRS;
1973-1979 Assistant lecturer, Faculty of Legal and Economic Science, University of Dakar;
October 1979 to 1981, Assistant lecturer, Faculty of Legal and Economic Science, University of Dakar;
1981 Acting Director, Université des Mutants;
1981 Director, Université des Mutants;
April 1981, Director of Legal and Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
Lecturer, National College of Administration and Magistrates, 1969 to 1972 and 1973 to 1983;
Judge on special assignment to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Senegal;
Former member of the African Institute for Strategic Studies, Gabon;
Associate Director for volume 8 of Encyclopédie juridique de l'Afrique (labour legislation, social security, civil service);
Member of the United Nations Human Rights Committee;
Vice-Chairman of the United Nations Human Rights Committee since March 1985;
Training course at the French Institute for Graduate Studies in National Defence (1986);
Minister-Counsellor, Embassy of Senegal in Paris, since 22 June 1992.
III. ACADEMIC WORK
Thesis for Doctorate of Law: "The individual and the international bodies for protection and promotion of human rights".
IV. PUBLICATIONS
"La place des droits de l'homme dans la Charte de l'OUA" in "Les dimensions internationales des droits de l'homme", UNESCO;
"Droits et obligations des fonctionnaires et agents de l'Etat", Encyclopédie juridique de l'Afrique, volume 8;
La présidence en exercice de l'OUA: l'expérience sénégalaise, 1988;
Forthcoming: Réformes institutionnelles et démocratisation continuée au Sénégal.
Articles:
A full listing of articles written, as well as of training and instruction courses given, is available for consultation in the files of the secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:
"Protocoles additionnels aux conventions de Genève, colloque international de Dakar, Université des Mutants-Fondation Wollenberg de Suède, mars 1992" in Publications of the Wollenberg Foundation (Sweden);
"Les systèmes de protection des droits de l'homme: ONU Commission africaine" paper presented to the seminar organized by the Ministry of Education, Democracy and Human Rights, at Bamako in March 1993;
"Les Nations Unies et le développement: le cas de l'Afrique", paper presented at the international seminar held by the Institute of Political Studies of Aix en Provence, 3 and 4 December 1993;
"Le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques: rédaction des rapports et leur analyse par le Comité", paper presented to the regional seminars on periodic reports for French-speaking African countries, Abidjan, 23 June 1994;
"La Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants et le Comité contre la torture: rédaction des rapports et leur analyse par le Comité", paper presented to the regional seminar on periodic reports for French-speaking African countries.
V. INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS
Member of the National Committee of Experts appointed to carry out the substantive preparations for the Dakar International Conference on Namibia and Human Rights;
Chairman, Scientific Committee, Dakar and Conakry Seminars on African Integration;
Assistant to the Head of Delegation of the Republic of Senegal at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea;
Chairman of the Committee of Legal Experts, Dakar;
Member of the delegation to the thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh sessions of the United Nations General Assembly (Sixth Committee);
Member of the Senegalese delegation to the 17th and 18th Summit Conferences of OAU. Preparation of studies on the subject of the law of the sea and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights;
Head of the delegation of Senegal to the Vienna Conference on Succession of States in respect of Property, Archives and Debts;
Co-agent of the Republic of Senegal at the Senegal-Guinea-Bissau arbitral Tribunal and the International Court of Justice;
Co-chairman of the Commission for the Liquidation of the Sénégambie Confederation;
Delegation to the World Conference, Vienna, June 1993.
VI. DECORATIONS
Chevalier de l'ordre national du Lion, Senegalese National Order;
Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (France), 29 June 1993.
Mr. Bharat PATEL (Zimbabwe)
I. PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth : 16 April 1952
Place of Birth : Harare, Zimbabwe
II. ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
1975 : LLB Bachelor of Laws (University of Rhodesia)
1976 : Bar Part I (Council of Legal Education)
1977 : LLM Master of Laws (University College, London)
1978 : Bar Finals (Inns of Court School of Law)
III. PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
August 1976 : Advocate (Zimbabwe)
July 1978 : Barrister (Inner Temple)
May 1982 : Legal Practitioner (Zimbabwe)
IV. RESEARCH
September 1978 - : Preparatory and part-time
April 1982 research on thesis entitled "The International Legal Protection of Civilians in Situations of Armed Conflict". (University College London)
A full list of educational distinctions, honours and associations is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat.
V. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
February 1970 - : Central Statistical Office (Harare) -
February 1971 Administrative Cadet: Statistical research and analysis of distributive sector. Compiling census of distribution.
December 1974 - : Legal Aid Centre (Harare) - Part-time
September 1975 voluntary Legal Adviser under auspices of University Law Department.
December 1978 - : National Council for Civil Liberties
September 1979 (London) - Part-time voluntary Legal Adviser at weekly legal advice sessions.
March 1979 - : Greater London Citizens Advice Bureau
September 1979 Service (London) - Full-time Trainee.
June 1979 - : Free Representation Unit (London) - Legal January 1980representation before Industrial Tribunals.
September 1979 - : New Cross Citizens Advice Bureau
April 1982 (London) -
September 1978 to August 1981
Full-time Advice Worker - Generalist and legal advice. Casework (predominantly on housing, employment and welfare rights). Legal representation before Industrial and Supplementary Benefit Tribunals.
September 1981 to April 1982
Collective Worker and Joint Organiser - Substantive work as above coupled with joint responsibility with colleagues for administration of the Bureau.
February 1980 - : South and West London Citizens Advice
July 1980 Bureaux (London) - Area Training Tutor: Employment Law. Immigration Law.
March 1980 - : Greater London Citizens Advice
February 1982 Bureaux Service (London) - Lecturer on Basic Training Course: Immigration Law. Nationality Law.
June 1980 - : Lee Centre (London) - Tutor on Citizens
February 1980 Rights Course: Employment Law. Immigration Law. Nationality Law.
September 1980 - : Citizens Advice Bureaux (Surrey, West February 1981Sussex, Croydon, Reading) - Tutor: Immigration Law. Nationality Law.
July 1983 - : University of Zimbabwe (Harare):
November 1984 Tutor - International Law.
July 1983 - : Mashonaland Rent Board (Harare):
June 1985 Chairman: Rent and eviction control. Hearing and determination of applications for rent orders and eviction certificates.
July 1991 : Health Professions Council of Zimbabwe (Harare): Legal Member - Advice to Council on matters of law and legal procedure generally and, in particular, with regard to disciplinary matters and inquiries.
May 1992 : Mananga Management Centre (Swaziland)
March 1993 Training Consultant and Lecturer -
October 1993 Preparation and delivery of module on environmental law on environmental management in development course.
June 1992 : Zimbabwe Technical Working Group on Regional Integration (Harare): Legal Member - Study and analysis of present extent of regional economic integration. Recommendations on implementation of integration process and promotion of intra-regional economic activity.
January 1994 - : European Community/Imani Development: July 1994Legal Consultant - Initiative to facilitate regional investment, trade and payments in Eastern and Southern Africa. Report on governing legal provisions in Zimbabwe and proposed amendments thereto.
VI. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS
November 1984 : Preferential Trade Area Conference on the Relaxation of Visa Requirements (Lusaka)
Zimbabwe Government Delegate.
December 1985 : UNESCO Meeting of International Experts on Peoples' Rights (Harare)
Participant.
July 1988 : UNCITRAL Regional Seminar on International Trade Law (Maseru)
Participant.
March 1991 : British Council Seminar on New Directions in Environmental Law (Windsor)
Participant.
VII. PUBLICATIONS AND TEACHING MATERIALS
A full list of articles and teaching materials written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles concerning human rights and related issues:
December 1985 : Final Report of UNESCO Meeting of International Experts on Peoples' Rights: Paper: "Human Rights and Peoples' Rights in the Post-Colonial Context".
June 1991 : Legal Forum (Vol.3 No.2): "Effect in Domestic Law of Treaties to which Zimbabwe is a Party".
September 1993 : Legal Forum (Vol.5 No.3): "The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development".
Mr. Julio PRADO VALLEJO (Ecuador)
Graduate in Social Sciences and Doctor of Law
Ambassador, Foreign Service of the Republic of Ecuador
Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1967-1968
Chairman of the United Nations Human Rights Committee, 1986-1988
Professional experience
Professor of international law at the Faculty of Law of the Central University of Quito, since 1955
Permanent representative to the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, 1955
Alternate representative to the Organization of American States (OAS), 1955
President of the Inter-American Commission for Co-operation in the Amazon Region
Alternate representative of Ecuador to the United Nations, 1955
Representative of Ecuador to the twelfth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
Representative of Ecuador to the United Nations Economic and Social Council, 1955
Professor, Post-Graduate Institute of International Law, since 1958
Representative of Ecuador to the Board of Governors of the World Bank, 1959
Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Second Conference of the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA)
Adviser on international agreements to the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 1959
Representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the International Centre of Higher Studies in Journalism for Latin America (CIESPAL)
Representative of Ecuador at the Meeting of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank, 1961
Representative of Ecuador to the Latin American Free Trade Association, 1961
General Secretary of the Ecuadorian Office for the Latin American Free Trade Association, 1962
Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Consultative Meeting of American Ministers for Foreign Affairs, 1967
Member of the delegation of Ecuador to the Meeting of American Presidents, 1967
Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1967
Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Second Meeting of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Latin American Free Trade Association
Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 1967
Chairman of the delegation of Ecuador to the Consultative Meeting of American Ministers for Foreign Affairs, 1967
Director of the Post-Graduate School of International Sciences of the Central University of Ecuador, 1974
President of the Ecuadorian National Committee for the Defence of Human Rights, 1974
Member of the Governing Board of the Faculty of Law of the Central University of Ecuador, 1974
National Deputy of the Republic of Ecuador
Member of the Andean Commission of Jurists, 1980-1990
Member of the Special Commission on International Affairs of the National Congress
Director of the Human Rights Institute of the Central University
Member of the delegation of Ecuador to the Special Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Organization of American States, 1982
Member of the Consultative Committee on Foreign Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Representative of Ecuador to the Third United Nations conference on the Law of the Sea
President of the Ecology and Environment Commission of the National Congress, 1983
Member of the International Society for Human Rights and President of the National Section for Ecuador
Professor at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Editorialist, El Tiempo, La Hora and El Expreso
Author of Documentos Básicos de Derechos Humanos, Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, published in 1985
Author of Documentos Básicos de Derechos Humanos, Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, published in 1992.
Mr. Waleed SADI (Jordan)
I. PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth : 1937
Nationality : Jordanian
Marital Status : Married
Children : Four
II. EDUCATION
High School Diploma, Friends Boys School - Quaker School - Ramallah. B.A. Economics, Southern Methodist University, Texas, United States. J.D. - Doctor of Law - University of Chicago Law School, United States
Holder of the National Honor Scholarship for three years, University of Chicago, United States
III. MEMBERSHIPS
Jordan Bar Association
Rotary Club
Consumer Association, Amman, Jordan
Jordanian Red Crescent Society
IV. HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVITIES
Member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 1975-1981
Chairman of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 1980-1981
Member of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of
Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 1978-1981
Member of the United Nations Board of Trustees of the Fund for Victims of Torture, 1980-1992
Member of the Human Rights Committee, 1990-1994
Member of the Armand Hammer Conferences on Peace and Human Rights,
1976-1983
Member of the Jordanian Delegation to the Vienna World Conference
on Human Rights, 1993
V. PRESENT EMPLOYMENT
Lawyer, Columnist, Editorialist and Human Rights Expert
VI. PAST EXPERIENCES
Chief Editor, Jordan Times, 1988-1990
Lawyer, 1986-1988
Ambassador to Turkey, 1982-1985
Ambassador to the United Nations and Other International
Organizations, 1975-1980
Diplomat, Jordan Mission to the United Nations, New York,
United States
Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in Washington, D.C., United States
Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in Moscow, USSR
Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in Paris, France
Diplomat, Jordan Embassy in London, England
VII. PUBLICATIONS
The Economic Theory in Islam
Jordanian Foreign Policy
Mr. Martin SCHEININ (Finland)
Born in 1954. Graduated from the Law Faculty of the University of Turku in 1982, Licentiate in Laws (University of Turku) 1987, Doctor iuris (University of Helsinki) 1991. During law studies, served in 1980 as a lay member of the Housing and Tenancy Court in Turku.
1985-1986 Assistant Secretary of Parliament. 1986-1993 Researcher within the Academy of Finland. In 1992, served three months as Special Adviser to the Ministry of Justice. Since 1992 Docent in Constitutional Law and since 1993 Professor of Law (Constitutional Law) at the University of Helsinki. In December 1993 and July 1994, Visiting Professor at the University of Tartu (Estonia) as part of the "EuroFaculty" cooperation programme.
Secretary to three Government Commissions for constitutional reform: the 1982-1983 Constitution Revision Commission, the 1989-1992 Bill of Rights Drafting Commission and the 1992-1993 Constitution Revision Commission.
1988- member of the Finnish Advisory Board on Human Rights Affairs, vice chairman since 1993. 1993- member of a Working Group on Priorities in Health Care and an Expert Group on HIV issues. 1991- Permanent Expert of the Ministry of Justice, in matters relating to constitutional and international law.
Between 1987 and 1994 has assisted several applicants in human rights cases before domestic courts and international bodies. Vice chairman of the Finnish League for Human Rights, board member of the Finnish ICJ Section, founding member of the Finnish Helsinki Committee.
70 scholarly publications in Finnish, English and Swedish, mostly in the field of human rights law but also in constitutional law and legal theory. Doctoral thesis "Human Rights in Finnish Law", 1991.
A full list of articles written by the candidate is available for consultation in the files of the Secretariat. The following are recent articles and textbooks concerning human rights and related issues:
1992 "Article 18; Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion", and "Article 20; Freedom of Assembly and Association". In Asbjørn Eide, Gudmundur Alfredsson, Göran Melander, Lars Adam Rehof and Allan Rosas, with the collaboration of Theresa Swinehart (eds.), The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Commentary. Scandinavian University Press.
1993 "Constitutional Law and Human Rights Law". In Juha Pōyhōnen (ed.), An Introduction to Finnish Law. Finnish Lawyers' Publishing.
1993 "A Comparative Study on the Monitoring Mechanisms and the Important Institutional Frameworks for Human Rights Protection within the Council of Europe, the CSCE and the European Community" (together with Merja Pentikäinen). In Arie Bloed, Liselotte Leicht, Manfred Nowak and Allan Rosas (eds.), Monitoring Human Rights in Europe; Comparing International Procedures and Mechanisms. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
1994 "Direct Applicability of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Critique of the Doctrine on Self-Executing Treaties". In Krzysztof Drzewicki, Catarina Krause and Allan Rosas (eds.), Social Rights as Human Rights: A European Challenge. Institute for Human Rights, Ábo Akademi University.
1994 Co-author in Asbjørn Eide, Catarina Krause and Allan Rosas (eds.), Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Textbook. (forthcoming)
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